Aeneid — Book 10 — Gadsden Classics

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The Council of the Gods Aeneas Returns The Beach Landing The Aristeia of Pallas Turnus Kills Pallas Aeneas's Fury Jupiter and Juno — Turnus's Phantom Mezentius

Virgil

Book 10

The Council of the Gods

Panditur interea domus omnipotentis Olympi,

Meanwhile Olympus, seat of sovereign sway,

conciliumque vocat divom pater atque hominum rex

threw wide its portals, and in conclave fair

sideream in sedem, terras unde arduus omnis

the Sire of gods and King of all mankind

castraque Dardanidum adspectat populosque Latinos.

summoned th' immortals to his starry court,

5 Considunt tectis bipatentibus, incipit ipse:

whence, high-enthroned, the spreading earth he views—

Caelicolae magni, quianam sententia vobis

and Teucria's camp and Latium's fierce array.

versa retro tantumque animis certatis iniquis?

Beneath the double-gated dome the gods

Abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris.

were sitting; Jove himself the silence broke:

Quae contra vetitum discordia? Quis metus aut hos

“O people of Olympus, wherefore change

10 aut hos arma sequi ferrumque lacessere suasit?

your purpose and decree, with partial minds

Adveniet iustum pugnae, ne arcessite, tempus,

in mighty strife contending? I refused

cum fera Karthago Romanis arcibus olim

such clash of war 'twixt Italy and Troy.

exitium magnum atque Alpes immittet apertas:

Whence this forbidden feud? What fears

tum certare odiis, tum res rapuisse licebit.

seduced to battles and injurious arms

15 Nunc sinite et placitum laeti componite foedus.

either this folk or that? Th' appointed hour

Iuppiter haec paucis; at non Venus aurea contra

for war shall be hereafter—speed it not!—

pauca refert:

When cruel Carthage to the towers of Rome

O pater, O hominum rerumque aeterna potestas!

shall bring vast ruin, streaming fiercely down

Namque aliud quid sit, quod iam implorare queamus?

the opened Alp. Then hate with hate shall vie,

20 Cernis ut insultent Rutulli Turnusque feratur

and havoc have no bound. Till then, give o'er,

per medios insignis equis tumidusque secundo

and smile upon the concord I decree!”

Marte ruat? Non clausa tegunt iam moenia Teucros:

Thus briefly, Jove. But golden Venus made

quin intra portas atque ipsis proelia miscent

less brief reply. “O Father, who dost hold

aggeribus moerorum et inundant sanguine fossas.

o'er Man and all things an immortal sway!

25 Aeneas ignarus abest. Numquamne levari

Of what high throne may gods the aid implore

obsidione sines? Muris iterum imminet hostis

save thine? Behold of yonder Rutuli

nascentis Troiae nec non exercitus alter;

th' insulting scorn! Among them Turnus moves

atque iterum in Teucros Aetolis surgit ab Arpis

in chariot proud, and boasts triumphant war

Tydides. Equidem credo, mea volnera restant

in mighty words. Nor do their walls defend

30 et tua progenies mortalia demoror arma.

my Teucrians now. But in their very gates,

Si sine pace tua atque invito numine Troes

and on their mounded ramparts, in close fight

Italiam petiere, luant peccata neque illos

they breast their foes and fill the moats with blood.

iuveris auxilio; sin tot responsa secuti,

Aeneas knows not, and is far away.

quae superi manesque dabant: cur nunc tua quisquam

Will ne'er the siege have done? A second time

35 vertere iussa potest aut cur nova condere fata?

above Troy's rising walls the foe impends;

Quid repetem exustas Erycino in litore classes,

another host is gathered, and once more

quid tempestatum regem ventosque furentis

from his Aetolian Arpi wrathful speeds

Aeolia excitos aut actam nubibus Irim?

a Diomed. I doubt not that for me

Nunc etiam manis, haec intemptata manebat

wounds are preparing. Yea, thy daughter dear

40 sors rerum, movet et superis immissa repente

awaits a mortal sword! If by thy will

Allecto, medias Italum bacchata per urbes.

unblest and unapproved the Trojans came

Nil super imperio moveor: speravimus ista,

to Italy, for such rebellious crime

dum fortuna fuit; vincant quos vincere mavis.

give them their due, nor lend them succor, thou,

Si nulla est regio, Teucris quam det tua coniunx

with thy strong hand! But if they have obeyed

45 dura, per eversae, genitor, fumantia Troiae

unnumbered oracles from gods above

exscidia obtestor, liceat dimittere ab armis

and sacred shades below, who now has power

incolumem Ascanium, liceat superesse nepotem.

to thwart thy bidding, or to weave anew

Aeneas sane ignotis iactetur in undis

the web of Fate? Why speak of ships consumed

et, quamcumque viam dederit Fortuna, sequatur:

along my hallowed Erycinian shore?

50 hunc tegere et dirae valeam subducere pugnae.

Or of the Lord of Storms, whose furious blasts

Est Amathus, est celsa mihi Paphus atque Cythera

were summoned from Aeolia? Why tell

Idaliaeque domus: positis inglorius armis

of Iris sped from heaven? Now she moves

exigat hic aevum. Magna dicione iubeto

the region of the shades (one kingdom yet

Karthago premat Ausoniam: nihil urbibus inde

from her attempt secure) and thence lets loose

55 obstabit Tyriis. Quid pestem evadere belli

Alecto on the world above, who strides

iuvit et Argolicos medium fugisse per ignes

in frenzied wrath along th' Italian hills.

totque maris vastaeque exhausta pericula terrae,

No more my heart now cherishes its hope

dum Latium Teucri recidivaque Pergama quaerunt?

of domination, though in happier days

Non satius cineres patriae insedisse supremos

such was thy promise. Let the victory fall

60 atque solum, quo Troia fuit? Xanthum et Simoenta

to victors of thy choice! If nowhere lies

redde, oro, miseris iterumque revolvere casus

the land thy cruel Queen would deign accord

Tum regia Iuno

da, pater, Iliacos Teucris.

unto the Teucrian people,—O my sire,

acta furore gravi: Quid me alta silentia cogis

I pray thee by yon smouldering wreck of Troy

rumpere et obductum verbis volgare dolorem?

to let Ascanius from the clash of arms

65 Aenean hominum quisquam divomque subegit

escape unscathed. Let my own offspring live!

bella sequi aut hostem regi se inferre Latino?

Yea, let Aeneas, tossed on seas unknown,

Italiam petiit fatis auctoribus, esto,

find some chance way; let my right hand avail

Cassandrae inpulsus furiis: num linquere castra

to shelter him and from this fatal war

hortati sumus aut vitam committere ventis?

in safety bring. For Amathus is mine,

70 Num puero summam belli, num credere muros

mine are Cythera and the Paphian hills

Tyrrhenamque fidem, aut gentis agitare quietas?

and temples in Idalium. Let him drop

Quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra

the sword, and there live out inglorious days.

egit? Ubi hic Iuno demissave nubibus Iris?

By thy decree let Carthage overwhelm

Indignum est Italos Troiam circumdare flammis

Ausonia's power; nor let defence be found

75 nascentem et patria Turnum consistere terra,

to stay the Tyrian arms! What profits it

cui Pilumnus avus, cui diva Venilia mater:

that he escaped the wasting plague of war

quid face Troianos atra vim ferre Latinis,

and fled Argolic fires? or that he knew

arva aliena iugo premere atque avertere praedas?

so many perils of wide wilderness

Quid soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

and waters rude? The Teucrians seek in vain

80 pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma?

new-born Troy in Latium. Better far

Tu potes Aenean manibus subducere Graium

crouched on their country's ashes to abide,

proque viro nebulam et ventos obtendere inanis,

and keep that spot of earth where once was Troy!

tu potes in totidem classem convertere nymphas:

Give back, O Father, I implore thee, give

nos aliquid Rutulos contra iuvisse nefandum est?

Xanthus and Simois back! Let Teucer's sons

85 Aeneas ignarus abest: ignarus et absit.

unfold once more the tale of Ilium's woe!”

Est Paphus Idaliumque tibi, sunt alta Cythera:

Then sovereign Juno, flushed with solemn scorn,

quid gravidam bellis urbem et corda aspera temptas?

made answer. “Dost thou bid me here profane

Nosne tibi fluxas Phrygiae res vertere fundo

the silence of my heart, and gossip forth

conamur, nos, an miseros qui Troas Achivis

of secret griefs? What will of god or man

90 obiecit? Quae causa fuit, consurgere in arma

impelled Aeneas on his path of war,

Europamque Asiamque et foedera solvere furto?

or made him foeman of the Latin King?

Me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter,

Fate brought him to Italia? Be it so!

aut ego tela dedi fovive cupidine bella?

Cassandra's frenzy he obeyed. What voice —

Tum decuit metuisse tuis: nunc sera querelis

say, was it mine?—urged him to quit his camp,

95 haud iustis adsurgis et inrita iurgia iactas.

risk life in storms, or trust his war, his walls,

Talibus orabat Iuno, cunctique fremebant

to a boy-captain, or stir up to strife

caelicolae adsensu vario, ceu flamina prima

Etruria's faithful, unoffending sons?

cum deprensa fremunt silvis et caeca volutant

What god, what pitiless behest of mine,

murmura, venturos nautis prodentia ventos.

impelled him to such harm? Who traces here

100 Tum pater omnipotens, rerum cui prima potestas,

the hand of Juno, or of Iris sped

infit; eo dicente deum domus alta silescit

from heaven? Is it an ignoble stroke

et tremefacta solo tellus, silet arduus aether,

that Italy around the new-born Troy

tum Zephyri posuere, premit placida aequora pontus:

makes circling fire, and Turnus plants his heel

Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta.

on his hereditary earth, the son

105 Quandoquidem Ausonios coniungi foedere Teucris

of old Pilumnus and the nymph divine,

haud licitum, nec vestra capit discordia finem:

Venilia? For what offence would Troy

quae cuique est fortuna hodie, quam quisque secat spem,

bring sword and fire on Latium, or enslave

Tros Rutulusne fuat nullo discrimine habebo.

lands of an alien name, and bear away

Seu fatis Italum castra obsidione tenentur

plunder and spoil? Why seek they marriages,

110 sive errore malo Troiae monitisque sinistris.

and snatch from arms of love the plighted maids?

Nec Rutulos solvo: sua cuique exorsa laborem

An olive-branch is in their hands; their ships

fortunamque ferent. Rex Iuppiter omnibus idem.

make menace of grim steel. Thy power one day

Fata viam invenient. Stygii per flumina fratris,

ravished Aeneas from his Argive foes,

per pice torrentis atraque voragine ripas

and gave them shape of cloud and fleeting air

115 adnuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum.

to strike at for a man. Thou hast transformed

Hic finis fandi. Solio tum Iuppiter aureo

his ships to daughters of the sea. What wrong

surgit, caelicolae medium quem ad limina ducunt.

if I, not less, have lent the Rutuli

Aeneas Returns

Interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant

something of strength in war? Aeneas, then,

sternere caede viros et moenia cingere flammis.

is far away and knows not! Far away

120 At legio Aeneadum vallis obsessa tenetur,

let him remain, not knowing! If thou sway'st

nec spes ulla fugae. Miseri stant turribus altis

Cythera, Paphos, and Idalium,

nequiquam et rara muros cinxere corona

why rouse a city pregnant with loud wars,

Asius Imbrasides Hicetaoniusque Thymoetes

and fiery hearts provoke? That fading power

Assaracique duo et senior cum Castore Thymbris,

of Phrygia, do I, forsooth, essay

125 prima acies; hos germani Sarpedonis ambo

to ruin utterly? O, was it I

et Clarus et Thaemon Lycia comitantur ab alta.

exposed ill-fated Troy to Argive foe?

Fert ingens toto conixus corpore saxum,

For what offence in vast array of arms

haud partem exiguam montis, Lyrnesius Acmon,

did Europe rise and Asia, for a rape

nec Clytio genitore minor nec fratre Menestheo.

their peace dissolving? Was it at my word

130 Hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxis

th' adulterous Dardan shepherd came to storm

molirique ignem nervoque aptare sagittas.

the Spartan city? Did my hand supply

Ipse inter medios, Veneris iustissima cura,

his armament, or instigate a war

Dardanius caput ecce puer detectus honestum,

for Cupid's sake? Then was thy decent hour

qualis gemma micat, fulvum quae dividit aurum,

to tremble for thy children; now too late

135 aut collo decus aut capiti; vel quale per artem

the folly of thy long lament to Heaven,

inclusum buxo aut Oricia terebintho

and objurgation vain.” Such Juno's plea;

lucet ebur; fusos cervix cui lactea crinis

the throng of gods with voices loud or low

accipit et molli subnectens circulus auro.

gave various reply: as gathering winds

Te quoque magnanimae viderunt, Ismare, gentes

sing through the tree-tops in dark syllables,

140 volnera dirigere et calamos armare veneno,

and fling faint murmur on the far-off sea,

Maeonia generose domo, ubi pinguia culta

to tell some pilot of to-morrow's storm.

exercentque viri Pactolusque inrigat auro.

Then Jupiter omnipotent, whose hands

Adfuit et Mnestheus, quem pulsi pristina Turni

have governance supreme, began reply;

aggere moerorum sublimem gloria tollit,

deep silence at his word Olympus knew,

145 et Capys: hinc nomen Campanae ducitur urbi.

Earth's utmost cavern shook; the realms of light

Illi inter sese duri certamina belli

were silent; the mild zephyrs breathed no more,

contulerant: media Aeneas freta nocte secabat.

and perfect calm o'erspread the levelled sea.

Namque ut ab Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis

“Give ear, ye gods, and in your hearts record

regem adit et regi memorat nomenque genusque,

my mandate and decree. Fate yet allows

150 quidve petat quidve ipse ferat, Mezentius arma

no peace 'twixt Troy and Italy, nor bids

quae sibi conciliet, violentaque pectora Turni

your quarrel end. Therefore, what Chance this day

edocet, humanis quae sit fiducia rebus

to either foe shall bring, whatever hope

admonet immiscetque preces: haud fit mora, Tarchon

either may cherish,—the Rutulian cause

iungit opes foedusque ferit; tum libera fati

and Trojan have like favor in my eyes.

155 classem conscendit iussis gens Lydia divom,

The destinies of Italy constrain

externo commissa duci. Aeneia puppis

the siege; which for the fault of Troy fulfills

prima tenet, rostro Phrygios subiuncta leones,

an oracle of woe. Yon Rutule host

imminet Ida super, profugis gratissima Teucris.

I scatter not. But of his own attempt

Hic magnus sedet Aeneas secumque volutat

let each the triumph and the burden bear;

160 eventus belli varios, Pallasque sinistro

for Jove is over all an equal King.

adfixus lateri iam quaerit sidera, opacae

The Fates will find the way.” The god confirmed

noctis iter, iam quae passus terraque marique.

his sentence by his Stygian brother's wave,

Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete,

the shadowy flood and black, abysmal shore.

quae manus interea Tuscis comitetur ab oris

He nodded; at the bending of his brow

165 Aenean armetque rates pelagoque vehatur.

Olympus shook. It is the council's end.

Massicus aerata princeps secat aequora tigri:

Now from the golden throne uprises Jove;

sub quo mille manus iuvenum, qui moenia Clusi

the train of gods attend him to the doors.

quique urbem liquere Cosas, quis tela sagittae

Meanwhile at every gate the Rutule foe

gorytique leves umeris et letifer arcus.

urges the slaughter on, and closes round

170 Una torvus Abas: huic totum insignibus armis

the battlements with ring of flame. The host

agmen et aurato fulgebat Apolline puppis.

of Trojans, prisoned in the palisades,

Sescentos illi dederat Populonia mater

lies in strict siege and has no hope to fly.

expertos belli iuvenes, ast Ilva trecentos

In wretched plight they man the turrets tall,

insula inexhaustis Chalybum generosa metallis.

to no avail, and with scant garrison

175 Tertius ille hominum divomque interpres Asilas,

the ramparts crown. In foremost line of guard

cui pecudum fibrae, caeli cui sidera parent

are Asius Imbrasides, the twin

et linguae volucrum et praesagi fulminis ignes,

Assaraci, and Hicetaon's son

mille rapit densos acie atque horrentibus hastis.

Thymoetes, and with Castor at his side

Hos parere iubent Alpheae ab origine Pisae,

the veteran Thymbris; then the brothers both

180 urbs Etrusca solo. Sequitur pulcherrimus Astur,

of slain Sarpedon, and from Lycian steep

Astur equo fidens et versicoloribus armis.

Clarus and Themon. With full-straining thews

Tercentum adiciunt (mens omnibus una sequendi)

lifting a rock, which was of some huge hill

qui Caerete domo, qui sunt Minionis in arvis,

no fragment small, Lyrnesian Acmon stood;

et Pyrgi veteres intempestaeque Graviscae.

nor less than Clytius his sire he seemed,

185 Non ego te, Ligurum ductor fortissime bello,

nor Mnestheus his great brother. Some defend

transierim, Cinyre, et paucis comitate Cupavo,

the wall with javelins; some hurl down stones

cuius olorinae surgunt de vertice pennae,

or firebrands, or to the sounding string

crimen, Amor, vestrum formaeque insigne paternae.

fit arrows keen. But lo! amid the throng,

Namque ferunt luctu Cycnum Phaethontis amati,

well worth to Venus her protecting care,

190 populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum

the Dardan boy, whose princely head shone forth

dum canit et maestum Musa solatur amorem,

without a helm, like radiant jewel set

canentem molli pluma duxisse senectam,

in burnished gold for necklace or for crown;

linquentem terras et sidera voce sequentem.

or like immaculate ivory inclosed

Filius, aequalis comitatus classe catervas,

in boxwood or Orician terebinth;

195 ingentem remis Centaurum promovet: ille

his tresses o'er his white neck rippled down,

instat aquae saxumque undis immane minatur

confined in circlet of soft twisted gold.

arduus et longa sulcat maria alta carina.

Thee, too, the warrior nations gaze upon,

Ille etiam patriis agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris,

high-nurtured Ismarus, inflicting wounds

fatidicae Mantus et Tusci filius amnis,

with shafts of venomed reed: Maeonia's vale

200 qui muros matrisque dedit tibi, Mantua, nomen,

thy cradle was, where o'er the fruitful fields

Mantua, dives avis; sed non genus omnibus unum:

well-tilled and rich, Pactolus pours his gold.

gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni,

Mnestheus was there, who, for his late repulse

ipsa caput populis, Tusco de sanguine vires.

of Turnus from the rampart, towered forth

Hinc quoque quingentos in se Mezentius armat,

in glory eminent; there Capys stood,

205 quos patre Benaco velatus harundine glauca

whose name the Capuan citadel shall bear.

Mincius infesta ducebat in aequora pinu.

While these in many a shock of grievous war

It gravis Aulestes centenaque arbore fluctum

hotly contend, Aeneas cleaves his way

verberat adsurgens, spumant vada marmore verso.

at midnight through the waters. He had fared

Hunc vehit immanis Triton et caerula concha

from old Evander to th' Etruscan folk,

210 exterrens freta, cui laterum tenus hispida nanti

addressed their King, and to him told the tale

frons hominem praefert, in pristim desinit alvus:

of his own race and name, his suit, his powers;

spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda.

of what allies Mezentius had embraced,

Tot lecti proceres ter denis navibus ibant

and Turnus' lawless rage. He bids him know

subsidio Troiae et campos salis aera secabant.

how mutable is man, and warning gives,

The Beach Landing

215 Iamque dies caelo concesserat almaque curru

with supplication joined. Without delay

noctivago Phoebe medium pulsabat Olympum:

Tarchon made amity and sacred league,

Aeneas (neque enim membris dat cura quietem)

uniting with his cause. The Lydian tribe,

ipse sedens clavumque regit velisque ministrat.

now destined from its tyrant to be free,

Atque illi medio in spatio chorus ecce suarum

embarked, obedient to the gods, and gave

220 occurrit comitum: nymphae, quas alma Cybebe

allegiance to the foreign King. The ship

numen habere maris nymphasque e navibus esse

Aeneas rode moved foremost in the line:

iusserat, innabant pariter fluctusque secabant,

its beak a pair of Phrygian lions bore;

quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae.

above them Ida rose, an emblem dear

Agnoscunt longe regem lustrantque choreis,

to exiled Trojans. On his Iofty seat

225 quarum quae fandi doctissima Cymodocea

was great Aeneas, pondering the events

pone sequens dextra puppim tenet ipsaque dorso

of changeful war; and clinging to his side

eminet ac laeva tacitis subremigat undis,

the youthful Pallas fain would learn the lore

tum sic ignarum adloquitur: Vigilasne, deum gens,

of stars, the highway of dark night, and asks

Aenea? Vigila et velis immitte rudentis.

the story of his toils on land and sea.

230 Nos sumus, Idaeae sacro de vertice pinus,

Now open Helicon and move my song,

nunc pelagi nymphae, classis tua. Perfidus ut nos

ye goddesses, to tell what host in arms

praecipitis ferro Rutulus flammaque premebat,

followed Aeneas from the Tuscan shore,

rupimus invitae tua vincula teque per aequor

and manned his ships and traveiled o'er the sea!

quaerimus. Hanc Genetrix faciem miserata refecit

First Massicus his brazen Tigress rode,

235 et dedit esse deas aevumque agitare sub undis.

cleaving the brine; a thousand warriors

At puer Ascanius muro fossisque tenetur

were with him out of Clusium's walls, or from

tela inter media atque horrentis Marte Latinos.

the citadel of Coste, who for arms

Iam loca iussa tenent forti permixtus Etrusco

had arrows, quivers from the shoulder slung,

Arcas eques: medias illis opponere turmas,

and deadly bows. Grim Abas near him sailed;

240 ne castris iungant, certast sententia Turno.

his whole band wore well-blazoned mail; his ship

Surge age et Aurora socios veniente vocari

displayed the form of Phoebus, all of gold:

primus in arma iube et clipeum cape, quem dedit ipse

to him had Populonia consigned

invictum Ignipotens atque oras ambiit auro.

(His mother-city, she) six hundred youth

Crastina lux, mea si non inrita dicta putaris,

well-proven in war; three hundred Elba gave,

245 ingentis Rutulae spectabit caedis acervos.

an island rich in unexhausted ores

Dixerat, et dextra discedens impulit altam

of iron, like the Chalybes. Next came

haud ignara modi puppim: fugit illa per undas

Asilas, who betwixt the gods and men

ocior et iaculo et ventos aequante sagitta.

interprets messages and reads clear signs

Inde aliae celerant cursus. Stupet inscius ipse

in victims' entrails, or the stars of heaven,

250 Tros Anchisiades; animos tamen omine tollit.

or bird-talk, or the monitory flames

Tum breviter super adspectans convexa precatur:

of lightning: he commands a thousand men

Alma parens Idaea deum, cui Dindyma cordi

close lined, with bristling spears, of Pisa all,

turrigeraeque urbis biiugique ad frena leones,

that Tuscan city of Alpheus sprung.

tu mihi nunc pugnae princeps, tu rite propinques

Then Astur followed, a bold horseman he,

255 augurium Phrygibusque adsis pede, diva, secundo.

Astur in gorgeous arms, himself most fair:

Tantum effatus. Et interea revoluta rubebat

three hundred are his men, one martial mind

matura iam luce dies noctemque fugarat:

uniting all: in Caere they were bred

principio sociis edicit, signa sequantur

and Minio's plain, and by the ancient towers

atque animos aptent armis pugnaeque parent se.

of Pyrgo or Gravisca's storm-swept hill.

260 Iamque in conspectu Teucros habet et sua castra,

Nor thy renown may I forget, brave chief

stans celsa in puppi; clipeum cum deinde sinistra

of the Ligurians, Cinyrus; nor thine,

extulit ardentem. Clamorem ad sidera tollunt

Cupavo, with few followers, thy crest

Dardanidae e muris, spes addita suscitat iras,

the tall swan-wings, of love unblest the sign

tela manu iaciunt: quales sub nubibus atris

and of a father fair: for legends tell

265 Strymoniae dant signa grues atque aethera tranant

that Cycnus, for his Phaethon so dear

cum sonitu fugiuntque notos clamore secundo.

lamenting loud beneath the poplar shade

At Rutulo regi ducibusque ea mira videri

of the changed sisters, made a mournful song

Ausoniis, donec versas ad litora puppes

to soothe his grief and passion: but erewhile,

respiciunt totumque adlabi classibus aequor.

in his old age, there clothed him as he sang

270 Ardet apex capiti cristisque a vertice flamma

soft snow-white plumes, and spurning earth he soared

funditur et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignes:

on high, and sped in music through the stars.

non secus ac liquida siquando nocte cometae

His son with bands of youthful peers urged on

sanguinei lugubre rubent aut Sirius ardor,

a galley with a Centaur for its prow,

ille sitim morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris,

which loomed high o'er the waves, and seemed to hurl

275 nascitur et laevo contristat lumine caelum.

a huge stone at the water, as the keel

Haud tamen audaci Turno fiducia cessit

ploughed through the deep. Next Ocnus summoned forth

litora praecipere et venientis pellere terra.

a war-host from his native shores, the son

ultro animos tollit dictis atque increpat ultro

of Tiber, Tuscan river, and the nymph

Quod votis optastis, adest, perfringere dextra;

Manto, a prophetess: he gave good walls,

280 in manibus Mars ipse viris. Nunc coniugis esto

O Mantua, and his mother's name, to thee,—

quisque suae tectique memor, nunc magna referto

to Mantua so rich in noble sires,

facta, patrum laudes. Ultro occurramus ad undam,

but of a blood diverse, a triple breed,

dum trepidi egressisque labant vestigia prima.

four stems in each; and over all enthroned

Audentis Fortuna iuvat,

she rules her tribes: her strength is Tuscan born.

285 haec ait et secum versat, quos ducere contra

Hate of Mezentius armed against his name

vel quibus obsessos possit concredere muros.

five hundred men: upon their hostile prow

Interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis

was Mincius in a cloak of silvery sedge,—

pontibus exponit. Multi servare recursus

Lake Benacus the river's source and sire.

languentis pelagi et brevibus se credere saltu,

Last good Aulestes smites the depths below,

290 per remos alii. Speculatus litora Tarchon,

with forest of a hundred oars: the flood

qua vada non sperat nec fracta remurmurat unda,

like flowing marble foams; his Triton prow

sed mare inoffensum crescenti adlabitur aestu,

threatens the blue waves with a trumpet-shell;

advertit subito proram sociosque precatur:

far as the hairy flanks its form is man,

Nunc, o lecta manus, validis incumbite remis;

but ends in fish below—the parting waves

295 tollite, ferte rates; inimicam findite rostris

beneath the half-brute bosom break in foam.

hanc terram, sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina.

Such chosen chiefs in thirty galleys ploughed

Frangere nec tali puppim statione recuso

the salt-wave, bringing help to Trojan arms.

arrepta tellure semel. Quae talia postquam

Day now had left the sky. The moon benign

effatus Tarchon, socii consurgere tonsis

had driven her night-wandering chariot

300 spumantisque rates arvis inferre Latinis,

to the mid-arch of heaven. Aeneas sate,

donec rostra tenent siccum et sedere carinae

for thought and care allowed him no repose,

omnes innocuae, sed non puppis tua, Tarchon.

holding the helm and tending his own sails.

Namque inflicta vadis dorso dum pendet iniquo,

but, as he sped, behold, the beauteous train,

anceps sustentata diu fluctusque fatigat,

lately his own, of nymphs, anon transformed

305 solvitur atque viros mediis exponit in undis

by kind Cybebe to sea-ruling powers.

fragmina remorum quos et fluitantia transtra

In even ranks they swam the cloven wave,—

impediunt, retrahitque pedem simul unda relabens.

nymphs now, but once as brazen galleys moored

Nec Turnum segnis retinet mora, sed rapit acer

along the sandy shore. With joy they knew

totam aciem in Teucros et contra in litore sistit.

their King from far, and with attending train

310 Signa canunt. Primus turmas invasit agrestis

around him drew. Cymodocea then,

Aeneas, omen pugnae, stravitque Latinos

best skilled in mortal speech, sped close behind,

occiso Therone, virum qui maximus ultro

with her right hand upon the stern, uprose

Aenean petit: huic gladio perque aerea suta,

breast-high, and with her left hand deeply plied

per tunicam squalentem auro latus haurit apertum.

the silent stream, as to the wondering King

315 Inde Lichan ferit, exsectum iam matre perempta

she called: “So late on watch, O son of Heaven,

et tibi, Phoebe, sacrum: casus evadere ferri

Aeneas? Slack thy sail, but still watch on!

quo licuit parvo? Nec longe Cissea durum

We were the pine-trees on the holy top

immanemque Gyan, sternentis agmina clava,

of Ida's mountain. Sea-nymphs now are we,

deiecit Leto: nihil illos Herculis arma

and thine own fleet. When, as we fled, the flames

320 nec validae iuvere manus genitorque Melampus,

rained o'er us from the false Rutulian's hand

Alcidae comes usque gravis dum terra labores

't was all unwillingly we cast away

praebuit. Ecce Pharo, voces dum iactat inertis,

thy serviceable chains: and now once more

intorquens iaculum clamanti sistit in ore.

we follow thee across the sea. These forms

Tu quoque, flaventem prima lanugine malas

our pitying mother bade us take, with power

325 dum sequeris Clytium infelix, nova gaudia, Cydon,

to haunt immortally the moving sea.

Dardania stratus dextra, securus amorum,

Lo, thy Ascanius lies close besieged

qui iuvenum tibi semper erant, miserande iaceres,

in moated walls, assailed by threatening arms

ni fratrum stipata cohors foret obvia, Phorci

and Latium's front of war. Arcadia,

progenies, septem numero, septenaque tela

her horsemen with the bold Etruscan joined,

330 coniciunt; partim galea clipeoque resultant

stands at the place appointed. Turnus means,

inrita, deflexit partim stringentia corpus

with troop opposing, their advance to bar

alma Venus. Fidum Aeneas adfatur Achaten:

and hold them from the camp. Arouse thee, then,

Suggere tela mihi: non ullum dextera frustra

and with the rising beams of dawn call forth

torserit in Rutulos, steterunt quae in corpore Graium

thy captains and their followers. Take that shield

335 Iliacis campis. Tum magnam corripit hastam

victorious, which for thee the Lord of Fire

et iacit: illa volans clipei transverberat aera

forged for a gift and rimmed about with gold.

Maeonis et thoraca simul cum pectore rumpit.

To-morrow's light—deem not my words be vain!—

Huic frater subit Alcanor fratremque ruentem

shall shine on huge heaps of Rutulia's dead.”

sustentat dextra: traiecto missa lacerto

So saying, she pushed with her right hand the stern

340 protinus hasta fugit servatque cruenta tenorem,

with skilful thrust, and vanished. The ship sped

dexteraque ex umero nervis moribunda pependit.

swift as a spear, or as an arrow flies

Tum Numitor iaculo fratris de corpore rapto

no whit behind the wind: and all the fleet

Aenean petiit; sed non et figere contra

quickened its course. Anchises' princely son,

est licitum, magnique femur perstrinxit Achatae.

dumb and bewildered stood, but took good heart

345 Hic Curibus fidens primaevo corpore Clausus

at such an omen fair. Then in few words

advenit et rigida Dryopem ferit eminus hasta

with eyes upturned to heaven he made his prayer:

sub mentum graviter pressa pariterque loquentis

“Mother of gods, O Ida's Queen benign,

vocem animamque rapit traiecto gutture; at ille

who Iovest Dindymus and towns with towers,

fronte ferit terram et crassum vomit ore cruorem.

and lion-yokes obedient to thy rein,

350 Tres quoque Threicios Boreae de gente suprema

be thou my guide in battle, and fulfil

et tris, quos Idas pater et patria Ismara mittit,

thine augury divine. In Phrygia's cause

per varios sternit casus. Accurrit Halaesus

be present evermore with favoring power!”

Auruncaeque manus, subit et Neptunia proles,

He spoke no more. For now the wheels of day

insignis Messapus equis. Expellere tendunt

had sped full circle into perfect light,

355 nunc hi, nunc illi; certatur limine in ipso

the dark expelling. Then, for his first care,

Ausoniae. Magno discordes aethere venti

he bade his captains heed the signal given,

proelia ceu tollunt animis et viribus aequis;

equip their souls for war, and wait in arms

non ipsi inter se, non nubila, non mare cedit;

the coming fray. Now holds he full in view

anceps pugna diu, stant obnixa omnia contra:

his Trojans and their fortress, as he stands

360 haud aliter Troianae acies aciesque Latinae

upon his towering ship. With his left hand

concurrunt; haeret pede pes densusque viro vir.

he lifts his radiant shield; then from the wall

The Aristeia of Pallas

At parte ex alia, qua saxa rotantia late

the Dardan warriors send a battle-cry

impulerat torrens arbustaque diruta ripis,

that echoes to the stars, as kindling hope

Arcadas insuetos acies inferre pedestris

their rage renews. A flight of spears they hurl:

365 ut vidit Pallas Latio dare terga sequaci

't was like the cranes of Strymon, through dark clouds

(aspera quis natura loci dimittere quando

each other calling, when they cleave the skies

suasit equos), unum quod rebus restat egenis,

vociferous, outwinging as they fly

nunc prece, nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris:

the swift south winds—Ioud music them pursues.

Quo fugitis, socii? Per vos et fortia facta,

Amazement on Ausonia's captains fell

370 per ducis Evandri nomen devictaque bella

and Turnus, as they gazed. But soon they saw

Opemque meam, patriae quae nunc subit aemula laudi,

ships pointing shoreward and the watery plain

fidite ne pedibus. Ferro rumpenda per hostis

all stirring with a fleet. Aeneas' helm

est via. Qua globus ille virum densissimus urget,

uplifted its bright peak,—like streaming flame

hac vos et Pallanta ducem patria alta reposcit.

the crimson crest; his shield of orbed gold

375 Numina nulla premunt, mortali urgemur ab hoste

poured forth prodigious fire: it seemed as when

mortales, totidem nobis animaeque manusque.

in cloudless night a comet's blood-red beam

Ecce, maris magna claudit nos obice pontus,

makes mournful splendor, or the Dog-star glows,

deest iam terra fugae: pelagus Troiamne petemus?

which rises to bring drought and pestilence

Haec ait et medius densos prorumpit in hostis.

to hapless men, and with ill-omened ray

380 Obvius huic primum, fatis adductus iniquis,

saddens the sky. But Turnus, undismayed,

fit Lagus. Hunc, magno vellit dum pondere saxum,

trusted not less to hurl th' invaders back

intorto figit telo, discrimina costis

and hold the shore against them. “Look!” he cried,

per medium qua spina dabat, hastamque receptat

your prayer is come to pass,—that sword in hand

ossibus haerentem. Quem non super occupat Hisbo,

ye now may shatter them. The might of Mars

385 ille quidem hoc sperans: nam Pallas ante ruentem,

is in a true man's blow. Remember well

dum furit, incautum crudeli morte sodalis

each man his home and wife! Now call to mind

excipit atque ensem tumido in pulmone recondit.

the glory and great deeds of all your sires!

Hinc Sthenium petit et Rhoeti de gente vetusta

Charge to yon river-bank, while yet they take

Anchemolum, thalamos ausum incestare novercae.

with weak and fearful steps their shoreward way!

390 Vos etiam, gemini, Rutulis cecidistis in agris,

Fortune will help the brave.” With words like these,

Daucia, Laride Thymberque, simillima proles,

he chose, well-weighing, who should lead the charge,

indiscreta suis gratusque parentibus error;

who at the leaguered walls the fight sustain.

at nunc dura dedit vobis discrimina Pallas:

Aeneas straightway from his lofty ships

nam tibi, Thymbre, caput Evandrius abstulit ensis;

lets down his troop by bridges. Some await

395 te decisa suum, Laride, dextera quaerit

the ebbing of slack seas, and boldly leap

semianimesque micant digiti ferrumque retractant.

into the shallows; others ply the oar.

Arcadas accensos monitu et praeclara tuentis

Tarchon a beach discovers, where the sands

facta viri mixtus dolor et pudor armat in hostis.

sing not, nor waves with broken murmur fall,

Tum Pallas biiugis fugientem Rhoetea praeter

but full and silent swells the gentle sea.

400 traicit. Hoc spatium tantumque morae fuit Ilo;

Steering in haste that way, he called his crews:

Ilo namque procul validam direxerat hastam,

“Now bend to your stout oars, my chosen brave.

quam medius Rhoeteus intercipit, optime Teuthra,

Lift each ship forward, till her beak shall cleave

te fugiens fratremque Tyren, curruque volutus

yon hostile shore; and let her keel's full weight

caedit semianimis Rutulorum calcibus arva.

the furrow drive. I care not if we break

405 Ac velut optato ventis aestate coortis

our ship's side in so sure an anchorage,

dispersa immittit silvis incendia pastor,

if once we land.” While Tarchon urged them thus,

correptis subito mediis extenditur una

the crews bent all together to their blades

horrida per latos acies Volcania campos;

and sped their foaming barks to Latium's plain,

ille sedens victor flammas despectat ovantis:

till each beak gripped the sand and every keel

410 non aliter socium virtus coit omnis in unum

lay on dry land unscathed:—all save thine own,

teque iuvat, Palla. Sed bellis acer Halaesus

O Tarchon! dashed upon a sand-bar, she!

tendit in adversos seque in sua conligit arma.

Long poised upon the cruel ridge she hung,

Hic mactat Ladona Pheretaque Demodocumque,

tilted this way or that and beat the waves,

Strymonio dextram fulgenti deripit ense

then split, and emptied forth upon the tide

415 elatam in iugulum, saxo ferit ora Thoantis

her warriors; and now the drifting wreck

ossaque dispersit cerebro permixta cruento.

of shattered oars and thwarts entangles them,

Fata canens silvis genitor celarat Halaesum:

or ebb of swirling waters sucks them down.

ut senior leto canentia lumina solvit,

Turnus no lingering knows, but fiercely hurls

iniecere manum Parcae telisque sacrarunt

his whole line on the Teucrians, and makes stand

420 Evandri. Quem sic Pallas petit ante precatus:

along the shore. Now peals the trumpet's call.

Da nunc, Thybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro,

Aeneas in the van led on his troop

fortunam atque viam duri per pectus Halaesi.

against the rustic foe, bright augury

Haec arma exuviasque viri tua quercus habebit.

for opening war, and laid the Latins low,

Audiit illa deus: dum texit Imaona Halaesus,

slaughtering Theron, a huge chief who dared

425 Arcadio infelix telo dat pectus inermum.

offer Aeneas battle; through the scales

At non caede viri tanta perterrita Lausus,

of brazen mail and corselet stiff with gold

pars ingens belli, sinit agmina: primus Abantem

the sword drove deep, and gored the gaping side.

oppositum interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque.

Then smote he Lichas, from his mother's womb

Sternitur Arcadiae proles, sternuntur Etrusci

ripped in her dying hour, and unto thee,

430 et vos, O Grais imperdita corpora, Teucri.

O Phoebus, vowed, because his infant days

Agmina concurrunt ducibusque et viribus aequis.

escaped the fatal steel. Hard by him fell

Extremi addensent acies nec turba moveri

stout Cisseus and gigantic Gyas; these

tela manusque sinit. Hinc Pallas instat et urget,

to death were hurled, while with their knotted clubs

hinc contra Lausus, nec multum discrepat aetas:

they slew opposing hosts; but naught availed

435 egregii forma, sed quis Fortuna negarat

Herculean weapons, nor their mighty hands,

in patriam reditus. Ipsos concurrere passus

or that Melampus was their sire, a peer

haud tamen inter se magni regnator Olympi:

of Hercules, what time in heavy toils

mox illos sua fata manent maiore sub hoste.

through earth he roved. See next how Pharon boasts!

Interea soror alma monet succedere Lauso

But while he vainly raves, the whirling spear

440 Turnum, qui volucri curru medium secat agmen.

smites full on his loud mouth. And also thou,

Ut vidit socios: Tempus desistere pugnae;

Cydon, wast by the Trojan stroke o'erthrown,

solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas

while following in ill-omened haste the steps

debetur; cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset.

of Clytius, thy last joy, whose round cheek wore

Haec ait, et socii cesserunt aequore iusso.

its youthful golden down: soon hadst thou lain

445 At Rutulum abscessu iuvenis tum iussa superba

in death, unheeding of thy fancies fond

miratus stupet in Turno corpusque per ingens

which ever turned to youth;—but now arose

lumina volvit obitque truci procul omnia visu

the troop of all thy brothers, Phorcus' sons,

talibus et dictis it contra dicta tyranni:

a close array of seven, and seven spears

Aut spoliis ego iam raptis laudabor opimis

they hurled: some from Aeneas' helm or shield

450 aut leto insigni: sorti pater aequus utrique est.

glanced off in vain; some Venus' kindly power,

Tolle minas. Fatus medium procedit in aequor.

just as they touched his body, turned away.

Frigidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis.

Aeneas then to true Achates cried:

Desiluit Turnus biiugis, pedes apparat ire

“Bring on my spears: not one shall fruitless fly

comminus; utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta

against yon Rutules, even as they pierced

455 stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum,

the breasts of Greeks upon the Ilian plain.”

advolat: haud alia est Turni venientis imago.

Then one great shaft he seized and threw; it sped

Hunc ubi contiguum missae fore credidit hastae,

straight into Maeon's brazen shield, and clove

ire prior Pallas, siqua fors adiuvet ausum

his mail-clad heart. Impetuous to his aid

viribus imparibus, magnumque ita ad aethera fatur:

brother Alcanor came, and lifted up

460 Per patris hospitium et mensas, quas advena adisti,

with strong right hand his brother as he fell:

te precor, Alcide, coeptis ingentibus adsis.

but through his arm a second skilful shaft

Cernat semineci sibi me rapere arma cruenta

made bloody way, and by the sinews held

victoremque ferant morientia lumina Turni.

the lifeless right hand from the shoulder swung.

Audiit Alcides iuvenem magnumque sub imo

Then from his brother's body Numitor

465 corde premit gemitum lacrimasque effundit inanis.

the weapon plucked and hurled it, furious,

Tum Genitor natum dictis adfatur amicis:

upon Aeneas; but it could not strike

Stat sua cuique dies, breve et inreparabile tempus

the hero's self, and grazed along the thigh

omnibus est vitae: sed famam extendere factis,

of great Achates. Next into the fight

hoc virtutis opus. Troiae sub moenibus altis

Clausus of Cures came, in youthful bloom

470 tot nati cecidere deum; quin occidit una

exulting, and with far-thrown javelin

Sarpedon, mea progenies. Etiam sua Turnum

struck Dryops at the chin, and took away

fata vocant, metasque dati pervenit ad aevi.

from the gashed, shrieking throat both life and voice;

Sic ait atque oculos Rutulorum reicit arvis.

the warrior's fallen forehead smote the dust;

At Pallas magnis emittit viribus hastam

his lips poured forth thick blood. There also fell

475 vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem.

three Thracians, odspring of the lordly stem

Illa volans umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa

of Boreas, and three of Idas' sons

incidit atque viam clipei molita per oras

from Ismara, by various doom struck down.

tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni.

Halaesus here his wild Auruncans brings;

Hic Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto

and flying to the fight comes Neptune's son,

480 in Pallanta diu librans iacit atque ita fatur:

Messapus, famous horseman. On both sides

Adspice, num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum.

each charges on the foe. Ausonia's strand

Dixerat; at clipeum, tot ferri terga, tot aeris,

is one wide strife. As when o'er leagues of air

quem pellis totiens obeat circumdata tauri,

the envious winds give battle to their peers,

vibranti cuspis medium transverberat ictu

well-matched in rage and power; and neither they

485 loricaeque moras et pectus perforat ingens.

nor clouds above, nor plunging seas below

Ille rapit calidum frustra de volnere telum:

will end the doubtful war, but each withstands

una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur.

the onset of the whole—in such wild way

Corruit in volnus, sonitum super arma dedere

the line of Trojans on the Latian line

et terram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento.

hurls itself, limb on limb and man on man.

490 Quem Turnus super adsistens,

But at a distance where the river's flood

Arcades, haec, inquit, memores mea dicta referte

had scattered rolling boulders and torn trees

Euandro; qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto.

uprooted from the shore, young Pallas spied

Quisquis honos tumuli, quidquid solamen humandi est,

th' Arcadian band, unused to fight on foot,

largior. Haud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo

in full retreat, the Latins following close—

495 hospitia. Et laevo pressit pede talia fatus

who also for the roughness of the ground

exanimem, rapiens immania pondera baltei

were all unmounted: he (the last resource

impressumque nefas, una sub nocte iugali

of men in straits) to wild entreaty turned

caesa manus iuvenum foede thalamique cruenti,

and taunts, enkindling their faint hearts anew:

quae Clonus Eurytides multo caelaverat auro;

“Whither, my men! O, by your own brave deeds,

500 quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio gaudetque potitus.

O, by our lord Evander's happy wars,

Nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae

the proud hopes I had to make my name

et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis!

a rival glory,—think not ye can fly!

Turno tempus erit, magno cum optaverit emptum

Your swords alone can carve ye the safe way

intactum Pallanta et cum spolia ista diemque

straight through your foes. Where yonder warrior-throng

505 oderit. At socii multo gemitu lacrimisque

is fiercest, thickest, there and only there

impositum scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes.

your Country's honor calls for men like you,

O dolor atque decus magnum rediture parenti

and for your captain Pallas. Nay, no gods

haec te prima dies bello dedit, haec eadem aufert,

against us fight; we are but mortal men

cum tamen ingentis Rutulorum linquis acervos.

pressed by a mortal foe. Not more than ours

Turnus Kills Pallas

510 Nec iam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor

the number of their lives or swords. Behold,

advolat Aeneae, tenui discrimine leti

the barrier of yonder spreading sea

esse suos, versis tempus succurrere Teucris.

emprisons us, and for a craven flight

Proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen

yon lands are all too small. Ha! Shall we steer

ardens limitem agit ferro, te, Turne, superbum

across the sea to Troy?” He said, and sprang

515 caede nova quaerens. Pallas, Euander, in ipsis

full in the centre of his gathered foes.

omnia sunt oculis, mensae, quas advena primas

First in his path was Lagus, thither led

tunc adiit, dextraeque datae. Sulmone creatos

by evil stars; whom, as he tried to lift

quattuor hic iuvenes, totidem, quos educat Ufens,

a heavy stone, the shaft of Pallas pierced

viventis rapit, inferias quos immolet umbris

where ribs and spine divide: backward he drew

520 captivoque rogi perfundat sanguine flammas.

the clinging spear; But Hisbo from above

Inde Mago procul infensam contenderat hastam.

surprised him not, though meaning it; for while

Ille astu subit ac tremibunda supervolat hasta,

(In anger blind for friend unpitying slain)

et genua amplectens effatur talia supplex:

at Pallas' face he flew:—he, standing firm,

Per patrios manis et spes surgentis Iuli

plunged deep into that swelling breast the sword.

525 te precor, hanc animam serves natoque patrique.

Then Sthenius he slew; and next Anchemolus

Est domus alta, iacent penitus defossa talenta

of Rhoetus' ancient line, who dared defile

caelati argenti, sunt auri pondera facti

his step-dame's bridal bed. And also ye,

infectique mihi. Non hic victoria Teucrum

fair Thymber and Larides, Daucus' twins,

vertitur aut anima una dabit discrimina tanta.

fell on that Rutule field; so like were ye,

530 Dixerat. Aeneas contra cui talia reddit:

your own kin scarce discerned, and parents proud

Argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta,

smiled at the dear deceit; but now in death

natis parce tuis. Belli commercia Turnus

cruel unlikeness Pallas wrought; thy head

sustulit ista prior iam tum Pallante perempto.

fell, hapless Thymber, by Evander's sword;

Hoc patris Anchisae manes, hoc sentit Iulus.

and thy right hand, Larides, shorn away,

535 Sic fatus galeam laeva tenet atque reflexa

seemed feeling for its Iord; the fingers cold

cervice orantis capulo tenus applicat ensem.

clutched, trembling, at the sword. Now all the troop

Nec procul Haemonides, Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos,

of Arcady, their chief's great action seen,

infula cui sacra redimibat tempora vitta,

and by his warning roused, made at their foes,

totus conlucens veste atque insignibus armis.

spurred on by grief and shame. Next Pallas pierced

540 Quem congressus agit campo lapsumque superstans

the flying Rhoetus in his car; this gained

immolat ingentique umbra tegit; arma Serestus

for Ilus respite and delay, for him

lecta refert umeris, tibi, rex Gradive, tropaeum.

the stout spear aimed at; but its flight was stopped

Instaurant acies Volcani stirpe creatus

by Rhoetus, as in swift retreat he rode,

Caeculus et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro:

by the two high-born brothers close pursued,

545 Dardanides contra furit. Anxuris ense sinistram

Teuthras and Tyres: from his car he rolled,

et totum clipei ferro deiecerat orbem;

making deep furrows with his lifeless heels

dixerat ille aliquid magnum vimque adfore verbo

along the Rutule plain. Oft when the winds

crediderat caeloque animum fortasse ferebat

of summer, long awaited, rise and blow,

canitiemque sibi et longos promiserat annos:

a shepherd fires the forest, and the blaze

550 Tarquitus exultans contra fulgentibus armis,

devours the dense grove, while o'er the fields,

silvicolae Fauno Dryope quem nympha crearat,

in that one moment, swift and sudden spread

obvius ardenti sese obtulit. Ille reducta

grim Vulcan's serried flames; from some high seat

loricam clipeique ingens onus impedit hasta;

on distant hill, the shepherd peering down

tum caput orantis nequiquam et multa parantis

sees, glad at heart, his own victorious fires:

555 dicere deturbat terrae truncumque tepentem

so now fierce valor spreads, uniting all

provolvens super haec inimico pectore fatur:

in one confederate rage, 'neath Pallas' eyes.

Istic nunc, metuende, iace. Non te optima mater

But the fierce warrior Halaesus next

condet humi patrioque onerabit membra sepulchro:

led on the charge, behind his skilful shield

alitibus linquere feris aut gurgite mersum

close-crouching. Ladon and Demodocus

560 unda feret piscesque impasti volnera lambent.

and Pheres he struck down; his glittering blade

Protinus Antaeum et Lucam, prima agmina Turni,

cut Strymon's hand, which to his neck was raised,

persequitur fortemque Numam fulvumque Camertem,

sheer off; with one great stone he crushed the brows

magnanimo Volcente satum, ditissimus agri

of Thoas, scattering wide the broken skull,

qui fuit Ausonidum et tacitis regnavit Amyclis.

bones, brains, and gore. Halaesus' prophet-sire,

565 Aegaeon qualis, centum cui bracchia dicunt

foreseeing doom, had hid him in dark groves;

centenasque manus, quinquaginta oribus ignem

but when the old man's fading eyes declined

pectoribusque arsisse, Iovis cum fulmina contra

in death, the hand of Fate reached forth and doomed

tot paribus streperet clipeis, tot stringeret enses:

the young life to Evander's sword; him now

sic toto Aeneas desaevit in aequore victor,

Pallas assailed, first offering this prayer:

570 ut semel intepuit mucro. Quin ecce Niphaei

“O Father Tiber, give my poising shaft

quadriiugis in equos adversaque pectora tendit.

through stout Halaesus' heart its lucky way!

Atque illi longe gradientem et dira frementem

The spoil and trophy of the hero slain

ut videre, metu versi retroque ruentes

on thine own oak shall hang.” The god received

effunduntque ducem rapiuntque ad litora currus.

the vow, and while Halaesus held his shield

575 Interea biiugis infert se Lucagus albis

over Imaon, his ill-fated breast

in medios fraterque Liger; sed frater habenis

lay naked to th' Arcadian's hungry spear.

flectit equos, strictum rotat acer Lucagus ensem.

But Lausus, seeing such a hero slain,

Haud tulit Aeneas tanto fervore furentis:

bade his troop have no fear, for he himself

inruit adversaque ingens apparuit hasta.

was no small strength in war; and first he slew

580 Cui Liger:

Abas, who fought hard, and had ever seemed

Non Diomedis equos nec currum cernis Achillis

himself the sticking-point and tug of war.

aut Phrygiae campos: nunc belli finis et aevi

Down went Arcadia's warriors, and slain

his dabitur terris. Vesano talia late

etruscans fell, with many a Trojan brave

dicta volant Ligeri. Sed non et Troïus heros

the Greek had spared. Troop charges upon troop

585 dicta parat contra: iaculum nam torquet in hostem.

well-matched in might, with chiefs of like renown;

Lucagus ut pronus pendens in verbera telo

the last rank crowds the first;—so fierce the press

admonuit biiugos, proiecto dum pede laevo

scarce hand or sword can stir. Here Pallas stands,

aptet se pugnae, subit oras hasta per imas

and pushes back the foe; before him looms

fulgentis clipei, tum laevum perforat inguen:

Lausus, his youthful peer, conspicuous both

590 excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis.

in beauty; but no star will them restore

Quem pius Aeneas dictis adfatur amaris:

to home and native land. Yet would the King

Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum

of high Olympus suffer not the pair

prodidit aut vanae vertere ex hostibus umbrae:

to close in battle, but each hero found

ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris. Haec ita fatus

a later doom at hands of mightier foes.

595 arripuit biiugos; frater tendebat inertis

Now Turnus' goddess-sister bids him haste

infelix palmas, curru delapsus eodem:

to Lausus' help. So he, in wheeling car,

Per te, per qui te talem genuere parentes,

cut through the lines; and when his friends he saw,

vir Troiane, sine hanc animam et miserere precantis.

“Let the fight stop! “ he cried, “for none but I

Pluribus oranti Aeneas: Haud talia dudum

may strike at Pallas; unto me alone

600 dicta dabas. Morere et fratrem ne desere frater.

the prize of Pallas falls. I would his sire

Tum latebras animae pectus mucrone recludit.

stood by to see.” He spake: his troop withdrew

Talia per campos edebat funera ductor

a fitting space. But as they made him room,

Dardanius, torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri

the young prince, wondering at the scornful words,

more furens. Tandem erumpunt et castra relinquunt

looked upon Turnus, glancing up and down

605 Ascanius puer et nequiquam obsessa iuventus.

that giant frame, and with fierce-frowning brows

Aeneas's Fury

Iunonem interea compellat Iuppiter ultro:

scanned him from far, hurling defiant words

O germana mihi atque eadem gratissima coniunx,

in answer to the King's. “My honor now

ut rebare, Venus, nec te sententia fallit,

shall have the royal trophy of this war,

Troianas sustentat opes, non vivida bello

or glorious death. For either fortune fair

610 dextra viris animusque ferox patiensque pericli.

my sire is ready. Threaten me no more!”

Cui Iuno summissa Quid, o pulcherrime coniunx,

So saying, to the midmost space he strode,

sollicitas aegram et tua tristia dicta timentem?

and in Arcadian hearts the blood stood still.

Si mihi, quae quondam fuerat quamque esse decebat,

Swift from his chariot Turnus leaped, and ran

vis in amore foret, non hoc mihi namque negares,

to closer fight. As when some lion sees

615 omnipotens, quin et pugnae subducere Turnum

from his far mountain-lair a raging bull

et Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti.

that sniffs the battle from the grassy field,

Nunc pereat Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas.

and down the steep he flies—such picture showed

Ille tamen nostra deducit origine nomen

grim Turnus as he came. But when he seemed

Pilumnusque illi quartus pater et tua larga

within a spear's cast, Pallas opened fight,

620 saepe manu multisque oneravit limina donis.

expecting Fortune's favor to the brave

Cui rex aetherii breviter sic fatur Olympi:

in such unequal match; and thus he prayed:

Si mora praesentis leti tempusque caduco

“O, by my hospitable father's roof,

oratur iuveni meque hoc ita ponere sentis,

where thou didst enter as a stranger-guest,

tolle fuga Turnum atque instantibus eripe fatis

hear me, Alcides, and give aid divine

625 hactenus indulsisse vacat. Sin altior istis

to this great deed. Let Turnus see these hands

sub precibus venia ulla latet totumque moveri

strip from his half-dead breast the bloody spoil!

mutarive putas bellum, spes pascis inanis.

and let his eyes in death endure to see

Et Iuno adlacrimans: Quid si, quae voce gravaris,

his conqueror!” Alcides heard the youth:

mente dares atque haec Turno rata vita maneret?

but prisoned in his heart a deep-drawn sigh,

630 Nunc manet insontem gravis exitus, aut ego veri

and shed vain tears; for Jove, the King and Sire, .

vana feror. Quod ut O potius formidine falsa

spoke with benignant accents to his son:

ludar et in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas!

“To each his day is given. Beyond recall

Haec ubi dicta dedit, caelo se protinus alto

man's little time runs by: but to prolong

misit, agens hiemem nimbo succincta per auras,

life's glory by great deeds is virtue's power.

635 Iliacamque aciem et Laurentia castra petivit.

Beneath the lofty walls of fallen Troy

Tum dea nube cava tenuem sine viribus umbram

fell many a son of Heaven. Yea, there was slain

in faciem Aeneae, visu mirabile monstrum,

Sarpedon, my own offspring. Turnus too

Dardaniis ornat telis clipeumque iubasque

is summoned to his doom, and nears the bounds

divini adsimulat capitis, dat inania verba,

of his appointed span.” So speaking, Jove

640 dat sine mente sonum gressusque effingit euntis,

turned from Rutulia's war his eyes away.

morte obita qualis fama est volitare figuras

But Pallas hurled his lance with might and main,

aut quae sopitos deludunt somnia sensus.

and from its hollow scabbard flashed his sword.

At primas laeta ante acies exsultat imago

The flying shaft touched where the plated steel

inritatque virum telis et voce lacessit.

over the shoulders rose, and worked its way

645 Instat cui Turnus stridentemque eminus hastam

through the shield's rim—then falling, glanced aside

conicit: illa dato vertit vestigia tergo.

from Turnus' giant body. Turnus then

Tum vero Aenean aversum ut cedere Turnus

poised, without haste, his iron-pointed spear,

credidit atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem,

and, launching it on Pallas, cried, “Look now

Quo fugis, Aenea? Thalamos ne desere pactos;

will not this shaft a good bit deeper drive?”

650 hac dabitur dextra tellus quaesita per undas.

He said: and through the mid-boss of the shield,

Talia vociferans sequitur strictumque coruscat

steel scales and brass with bull's-hide folded round,

mucronem nec ferre videt sua gaudia ventos.

the quivering spear-point crashed resistlessly,

Forte ratis celsi coniuncta crepidine saxi

and through the corselet's broken barrier

expositis stabat scalis et ponte parato,

pierced Pallas' heart. The youth plucked out in vain

655 qua rex Clusinis advectus Osinius oris.

the hot shaft from the wound; his life and blood

Huc sese trepida Aeneae fugientis imago

together ebbed away, as sinking prone

conicit in latebras; nec Turnus segnior instat

on his rent side he fell; above him rang

exsuperatque moras et pontis transilit altos.

his armor; and from lips with blood defiled

Vix proram attigerat: rumpit Saturnia funem

he breathed his last upon his foeman's ground.

660 avolsamque rapit revoluta per aequora navem.

Over him Turnus stood: “Arcadians all,”

Illum autem Aeneas absentem in praelia poscit;

He cried, “take tidings of this feat of arms

obvia multa virum demittit corpora morti:

to King Evander. With a warrior's wage

tum levis haud ultra latebras iam quaerit imago,

his Pallas I restore, and freely grant

sed sublime volans nubi se immiscuit atrae.

what glory in a hero's tomb may lie,

665 Cum Turnum medio interea fert aequore turbo.

or comfort in a grave. They dearly pay

Respicit ignarus rerum ingratusque salutis

who bid Aeneas welcome at their board.”

et duplicis cum voce manus ad sidera tendit:

So saying, with his left foot he held down

Omnipotens genitor, tanton me crimine dignum

the lifeless form, and raised the heavy weight

duxisti et talis voluisti expendere poenas?

of graven belt, which pictured forth that crime

670 Quo feror? Unde abii? Quae me fuga quemve reducit?

of youthful company by treason slain,

Laurentisne iterum muros aut castra videbo?

all on their wedding night, in bridal bowers

Quid manus illa virum, qui me meaque arma secuti?

to horrid murder given,—which Clonus, son

Quosne (nefas) omnis infanda in morte reliqui

of Eurytus, had wrought in lavish gold;

et nunc palantis video gemitumque cadentum

this Turnus in his triumph bore away,

675 accipio! Quid ago? Aut quae iam satis ima dehiscat

exulting in the spoil. O heart of man,

terra mihi? Vos O potius miserescite venti:

not knowing doom, nor of events to be!

in rupes, in saxa, volens vos Turnus adoro

Nor, being lifted up, to keep thy bounds

ferte ratem saevisque vadis immittite Syrtis,

in prosperous days! To Turnus comes the hour

quo neque me Rutuli nec conscia fama sequatur.

when he would fain a prince's ransom give

680 Haec memorans animo nunc huc, nunc fluctuat illuc,

had Pallas passed unscathed, and will bewail

an sese mucrone ob tantum dedecus amens

cuch spoil of victory. With weeping now

induat et crudum per costas exigat ensem,

and lamentations Ioud his comrades lay

fluctibus an iaciat mediis et litora nando

young Pallas on his shield, and thronging close

curva petat Teucrumque iterum se reddat in arma.

carry him homeward with a mournful song:

685 Ter conatus utramque viam, ter maxima Iuno

alas! the sorrow and the glorious gain

continuit iuvenemque animi miserata repressit.

thy sire shall have in thee. For one brief day

Labitur alta secans fluctuque aestuque secundo

bore thee to battle and now bears away;

et patris antiquam Dauni defertur ad urbem.

yet leavest thou full tale of foemen slain.

Jupiter and Juno — Turnus's Phantom

At Iovis interea monitis Mezentius ardens

No doubtful rumor to Aeneas breaks

690 succedit pugnae Teucrosque invadit ovantis.

the direful news, but a sure messenger

Concurrunt Tyrrhenae acies atque omnibus uni,

tells him his followers' peril, and implores

uni odiisque viro telisque frequentibus instant.

prompt help for routed Troy. His ready sword

Ille velut rupes, vastum quae prodit in aequor,

reaped down the nearest foes, and through their line

obvia ventorum furiis expostaque ponto,

clove furious path and broad; the valiant blade

695 vim cunctam atque minas perfert caelique marisque,

through oft-repeated bloodshed groped its way,

ipsa immota manens, prolem Dolichaonis Hebrum

proud Turnus, unto thee! His heart beholds

sternit humi, cum quo Latagum Palmumque fugacem,

Pallas and Sire Evander, their kind board

sed Latagum saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis

in welcome spread, their friendly league of peace

occupat os faciemque adversam, poplite Palmum

proffered and sealed with him, the stranger-guest.

700 succiso volvi segnem sinit, armaque Lauso

So Sulmo's sons, four warriors, and four

donat habere umeris et vertice figere cristas.

of Ufens sprung, he took alive—to slay

Nec non Euanthen Phrygium Paridisque Mimanta

as victims to the shades, and pour a stream

aequalem comitemque, una quem nocte Theano

of captives' blood upon a flaming pyre.

in lucem genitori Amyco dedit et face praegnans

Next from afar his hostile shaft he threw

705 Cisseis regina Parin creat: urbe paterna

at Mago, who with wary motion bowed

occubat, ignarum Laurens habet ora Mimanta.

beneath the quivering weapon, as it sped

Ac velut ille canum morsu de montibus altis

clean over him; then at Aeneas' knees

actus aper, multos Vesulus quem pinifer annos

he crouched and clung with supplicating cry:

defendit multosve palus Laurentia, silva

“O, by thy father's spirit, by thy hope

710 pastus harundinea, postquam inter retia ventum est,

in young Iulus, I implore thee, spare

substitit infremuitque ferox et inhorruit armos,

for son and father's sake this life of mine.

nec cuiquam irasci propiusque accedere virtus,

A lofty house have I, where safely hid

sed iaculis tutisque procul clamoribus instant;

are stores of graven silver and good weight

haud aliter, iustae quibus est Mezentius irae,

of wrought and unwrought gold. The fate of war

715 non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro;

hangs not on me; nor can one little life

missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt:

thy victory decide.” In answer spoke

ille autem impavidus partis cunctatur in omnis,

Aeneas: “Hoard the silver and the gold

dentibus infrendens, et tergo decutit hastas.

for thy own sons. Such bartering in war

Venerat antiquis Corythi de finibus Acron,

finished with Turnus, when fair Pallas fell.

720 Graius homo, infectos linquens profugus hymenaeos.

Thus bids Anchises' shade, Iulus—thus!”

Hunc ubi miscentem longe media agmina vidit,

He spoke: and, grasping with his mighty left

purpureum pennis et pactae coniugis ostro:

the helmet of the vainly suppliant foe,

impastus stabula alta leo ceu saepe peragrans,

bent back the throat and drove hilt-deep his sword.

suadet enim vesana fames, si forte fugacem

A little space removed, Haemonides,

725 conspexit capream aut surgentem in cornua cervum,

priest of Phoebus and pale Trivia, stood,

gaudet, hians immane, comasque arrexit et haeret

whose ribboned brows a sacred fillet bound:

visceribus super accumbens, lavit inproba taeter

in shining vesture he, and glittering arms.

ora cruor,

Him too the Trojan met, repelled, and towered

sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostis.

above the fallen form, o'ermantling it

730 Sternitur infelix Acron et calcibus atram

in mortal shade; Serestus bore away

tundit humum expirans infractaque tela cruentat.

those famous arms a trophy vowed to thee,

Atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden

Gradivus, Iord of war! Soon to fresh fight

sternere nec iacta caecum dare cuspide volnus:

came Caeculus, a child of Vulcan's line,

obvius adversoque occurrit seque viro vir

and Umbro on the Marsic mountains bred:

735 contulit, haud furto melior, sed fortibus armis.

these met the Trojan's wrath. His sword shore off

Tum super abiectum posito pede nixus et hasta:

Anxur's left hand, and the whole orbed shield

Pars belli haud temnenda, viri, iacet altus Orodes.

dropped earthward at the stroke: though Anxur's tongue

Conclamant socii laetum paeana secuti.

had boasted mighty things, as if great words

Ille autem exspirans: Non me, quicumque es, inulto,

would make him strong, and lifting his proud heart

740 victor, nec longum laetabere: te quoque fata

as high as heaven, had hoped perchance to see

prospectant paria atque eadem mox arva tenebis.

gray hairs and length of days. Then Tarquitus

Ad quae subridens mixta Mezentius ira:

strode forth, exulting in his burnished arms

Nunc morere. Ast de me divom pater atque hominum rex

(Him Dryope, the nymph, to Faunus bore),

viderit. Hoc dicens eduxit corpore telum:

and dared oppose Aeneas' rage. But he

745 olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget

drew back his lance and, charging, crushed at once

somnus, in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem.

corselet and ponderous shield; then off he struck

Caedicus Alcathoum obtruncat, Sacrator Hydaspen

the supplicating head, which seemed in vain

Partheniumque Rapo et praedurum viribus Orsen,

preparing speech; while o'er the reeking corpse

Messapus Croniumque Lycaoniumque Erichaeten,

the victor stood, and thrusting it away

750 illum infrenis equi lapsu tellure iacentem,

spoke thus with wrathful soul: “Now lie thou there,

hunc peditem. Pedes et Lycius processerat Agis,

thou fearsome sight! No noble mother's hand

quem tamen haud expers Valerus virtutis avitae

shall hide thee in the ground, or give those limbs

deicit; at Thronium Salius Saliumque Nealces

to their ancestral tomb. Thou shalt be left

insidiis, iaculo et longe fallente sagitta.

to birds of ravin; or go drifting far

755 Iam gravis aequabat luctus et mutua Mavors

along yon river to engulfing seas,

funera: caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant

where starving fishes on those wounds shall feed.”

victores victique, neque his fuga nota neque illis.

Antceus next and Lucas he pursues,

Di Iovis in tectis iram miserantur inanem

though all in Turnus' van; and Numa bold

amborum et tantos mortalibus esse labores:

and Camers tawny-tressed, the son and heir

760 hinc Venus, hinc contra spectat Saturnia Iuno,

of Volscens the stout-hearted, whose domain

pallida Tisiphone media inter milia saevit.

surpassed the richest of Ausonia's lords,

At vero ingentem quatiens Mezentius hastam

when over hushed Amyclae he was king.

turbidus ingreditur campo. Quam magnus Orion,

Like old Aegaeon of the hundred arms,

cum pedes incedit medii per maxima Nerei

the hundred-handed, from whose mouths and breasts

765 stagna viam scindens, umero supereminet undas

blazed fifty fiery blasts, as he made war

aut summis referens annosam montibus ornum

with fifty sounding shields and fifty swords

ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit:

against Jove's thunder;—so Aeneas raged

talis se vastis infert Mezentius armis.

victorious o'er the field, when once his steel

Huic contra Aeneas, speculatus in agmine longo,

warmed to its work. But lo, he turns him now

770 obvius ire parat. Manet imperterritus ille,

where come Niphaeus' bold-advancing wheels

hostem magnanimum opperiens, et mole sua stat;

and coursers four, who, when at furious speed

atque oculis spatium emensus, quantum satis hastae:

they faced his giant stride and dreadful cry,

Dextra mihi deus et telum, quod missile libro,

upreared in panic, and reversing spilled

nunc adsint! Voveo praedonis corpore raptis

their captain to the ground, and bore away

775 indutum spoliis ipsum te, Lause, tropaeum

the chariot to the river's distant shore.

Aeneae. Dixit stridentemque eminus hastam

Meanwhile, with two white coursers to their car,

iecit; at illa volans clipeo est excussa proculque

the brothers Lucagus and Liger drove

egregium Antoren latus inter et ilia figit,

into the heart of battle: Liger kept

Herculis Antoren comitem, qui missus ab Argis

with skilful hand the manage of the steeds;

780 haeserat Euandro atque Itala consederat urbe.

bold Lucagus swung wide his naked sword.

Sternitur infelix alieno volnere caelumque

Aeneas, by their wrathful brows defied,

aspicit et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos

brooked not the sight, but to the onset flew,

tum pius Aeneas hastam iacit: illa per orbem

huge-looming, with adverse and threatening spear.

aere cavum triplici, per linea terga tribusque

Cried Liger, “Not Achilles' chariot, ours!

785 transit intextum tauris opus imaque sedit

Nor team of Diomed on Phrygia's plain!

inguine, sed viris haud pertulit. Ocius ensem

The last of life and strife shall be thy meed

Aeneas, viso Tyrrheni sanguine laetus,

upon this very ground.” Such raving word

eripit a femine et trepidanti fervidus instat.

flowed loud from Liger's lip: not with a word

Ingemuit cari graviter genitoris amore,

the Trojan hero answered him, but flung

790 ut vidit, Lausus, lacrimaeque per ora volutae.

his whirling spear; and even as Lucagus

Hic mortis durae casum tuaque optima facta,

leaned o'er the horses, goading them with steel,

siqua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas,

and, left foot forward, gathered all his strength

non equidem nec te, iuvenis memorande, silebo.

to strike—the spear crashed through the under rim

Ille pedem referens et inutilis inque ligatus

of his resplendent shield and entered deep

795 cedebat clipeoque inimicum hastile trahebat:

in the left groin; then from the chariot fallen,

prorupit iuvenis seseque immiscuit armis

the youth rolled dying on the field, while thus

iamque adsurgentis dextra plagamque ferentis

pious Aeneas paid him taunting words:

Aeneae subiit mucronem ipsumque morando

“O Lucagus, thy chariot did not yield

sustinuit. Socii magno clamore sequuntur,

because of horses slow to fly, or scared

800 dum genitor nati parma protectus abiret,

by shadows of a foe. It was thyself

telaque coniciunt proturbantque eminus hostem

leaped o'er the wheel and fled.” So saying, he grasped

missilibus. Furit Aeneas tectusque tenet se.

the horses by the rein. The brother then,

Ac velut effusa siquando grandine nimbi

spilled also from the car, reached wildly forth

praecipitant, omnis campis diffugit arator

his helpless hands: “O, by thy sacred head,

805 omnis et agricola et tuta latet arce viator,

and by the parents who such greatness gave,

aut amnis ripis aut alti fornice saxi,

good Trojan, let me live! Some pity show

dum pluit in terris, ut possint sole reducto

to prostrate me!” But ere he longer sued,

exercere diem: sic obrutus undique telis

Aeneas cried, “Not so thy language ran

Aeneas nubem belli, dum detonet omnis,

a moment gone! Die thou! Nor let this day

810 sustinet et Lausum increpitat Lausoque minatur:

brother from brother part!” Then where the life

Quo moriture ruis maioraque viribus audes?

hides in the bosom, he thrust deep his sword.

Fallit te incautum pietas tua. Nec minus ille

Thus o'er the field of war the Dardan King

exsultat demens; saevae iamque altius irae

moved on, death-dealing: like a breaking flood

Dardanio surgunt ductori, extremaque Lauso

or cloudy whirlwind seemed his wrath. Straightway

815 Parcae fila legunt: validum namque exigit ensem

the boy Ascanius from the ramparts came,

per medium Aeneas iuvenem totumque recondit.

his warriors with him; for the siege had failed.

Transiit et parmam mucro, levia arma minacis,

Now Jupiter to Juno thus began:

et tunicam, molli mater quam neverat auro,

“O ever-cherished spouse and sister dear,

implevitque sinum sanguis; tum vita per auras

surely 't is Venus—as thy mind misgave—

820 concessit maesta ad manis corpusque reliquit.

whose favor props—O, what discernment thine!

At vero ut voltum vidit morientis et ora,

Yon Trojan power; not swift heroic hands,

ora modis Anchisiades pallentia miris,

or souls of fury facing perilous war!”

ingemuit miserans graviter dextramque tetendit,

Juno made meek reply: “O noblest spouse!

et mentem patriae subiit pietatis imago.

Why vex one sick at heart, who humbly fears

825 Quid tibi nunc, miserande puer, pro laudibus istis,

thy stern command? If I could claim to-day

quid pius Aeneas tanta dabit indole dignum?

what once I had, my proper right and due,

Arma, quibus laetatus, habe tua, teque parentum

love's induence, I should not plead in vain

manibus et cineri, siqua est ea cura, remitto.

to thee, omnipotent, to give me power

Hoc tamen infelix miseram solabere mortem:

to lead off Turnus from the fight unscathed,

830 Aeneae magni dextra cadis. Increpat ultro

and save him at his father Daunus' prayer.

cunctantis socios et terra sublevat ipsum,

Aye, let him die! And with his loyal blood

sanguine turpantem comptos de more capillos.

the Teucrians' vengeance feed! Yet he derives

Mezentius

Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam

from our Saturnian stem, by fourth remove

volnera siccabat lymphis corpusque levabat

sprung from Pilumnus. Oft his liberal hands

835 arboris adclinis trunco. Procul aerea ramis

have heaped unstinted offering at thy shrine.”

dependet galea et prato gravia arma quiescunt.

Thus in few words th' Olympian King replied:

Stant lecti circum iuvenes: ipse aeger anhelans

“If for the fated youth thy prayer implores

colla fovet, fusus propexam in pectore barbam;

delay and respite of impending doom,

multa super Lauso rogitat multumque remittit

if but so far thou bidst me interpose,—

840 qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis.

go—favor Turnus' flight, and keep him safe

At Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant

in this imperilled hour; I may concede

flentes, ingentem atque ingenti volnere victum.

such boon. But if thy pleading words intend

Agnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens:

some larger grace, and fain would touch or change

canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas

the issue of the war, then art thou fed

845 ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret.

on expectation vain.” With weeping eyes

Tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas,

Juno made answer: “Can it be thy mind

ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae,

gives what thy words refuse, and Turnus' life,

quem genui? Tuane haec genitor per volnera servor,

if rescued, may endure? Yet afterward

morte tua vivens? Heu, nunc misero mihi demum

some cruel close his guiltless day shall see—

850 exitium infelix, nunc alte volnus adactum!

or far from truth I stray! O, that I were

Idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen,

the dupe of empty fears! and O, that thou

pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque paternis.

wouldst but refashion to some happier end

Debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum:

the things by thee begun—for thou hast power!”

omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem!

She ceased; and swiftly from the peak of heaven

855 Nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo.

moved earthward, trailing cloud-wrack through the air,

Sed linquam. Simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum

and girdled with the storm. She took her way

se femur et, quamvis dolor alto volnere tardet,

to where Troy's warriors faced Laurentum's line.

haud deiectus equum duci iubet. Hoc decus illi,

There of a hollow cloud the goddess framed

hoc solamen erat; bellis hoc victor abibat

a shape of airy, unsubstantial shade,

860 omnibus. Adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit:

Aeneas' image, wonderful to see,

Rhaebe, diu, res siqua diu mortalibus ulla est,

and decked it with a Dardan lance and shield,

viximus. Aut hodie victor spolia illa cruenti

a crested helmet on the godlike head;

et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum

and windy words she gave of soulless sound,

ultor eris mecum aut, aperit si nulla viam vis,

and motion like a stride—such shapes, they say,

865 occumbes pariter; neque enim, fortissime, credo,

the hovering phantoms of the dead put on,

iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros.

or empty dreams which cheat our slumbering eyes.

Dixit et exceptus tergo consueta locavit

Forth to the front of battle this vain shade

membra manusque ambas iaculis oneravit acutis,

stalked insolent, and with its voice and spear

aere caput fulgens cristaque hirsutus equina.

challenged the warrior. At it Turnus flew,

870 Sic cursum in medios rapidus dedit: aestuat ingens

and hurled a hissing spear with distant aim;

uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu,

the thing wheeled round and fled. The foe forthwith,

et furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus.

thinking Aeneas vanquished, with blind scorn

Atque hic Aenean magna ter voce vocavit.

flattered his own false hope: “Where wilt thou fly,

Aeneas agnovit enim laetusque precatur:

Aeneas? Wilt thou break a bridegroom's word?

875 Sic pater ille deum faciat, sic altus Apollo,

This sword will give thee title to some land

incipias conferre manum.

thou hast sailed far to find!” So clamoring loud

Tantum effatus et infesta subit obvius hasta.

he followed, flashing far his naked sword;

Ille autem: Quid me erepto, saevissime, nato

nor saw the light winds waft his dream away.

terres? Haec via sola fuit, qua perdere posses.

By chance in covert of a lofty crag

880 Nec mortem horremus nec divom parcimus ulli.

a ship stood fastened and at rest; her sides

Desine: nam venio moriturus et haec tibi porto

showed ready bridge and stairway; she had brought

dona prius. Dixit telumque intorsit in hostem;

Osinius, king of Clusium. Thither came

inde aliud super atque aliud figitque volatque

Aeneas' counterfeit of flight and fear,

ingenti gyro, sed sustinet aureus umbo.

and dropped to darkness. Turnus, nothing loth,

885 Ter circum adstantem laevos equitavit in orbes

gave close chase, overleaping every bar,

tela manu iaciens, ter secum Troïus heros

and scaling the high bridge; but scarce he reached

immanem aerato circumfert tegmine silvam.

the vessel's prow, when Juno cut her loose,

Inde ubi tot traxisse moras, tot spicula taedet

the cables breaking, and along swift waves

vellere et urgetur pugna congressus iniqua,

pushed her to sea. Yet in that very hour

890 multa movens animo iam tandem erumpit et inter

Aeneas to the battle vainly called

bellatoris equi cava tempora conicit hastam.

the vanished foe, and round his hard-fought path

Tollit se arrectum quadrupes et calcibus auras

stretched many a hero dead. No longer now

verberat effusumque equitem super ipse secutus

the mocking shadow sought to hide, but soared

implicat eiectoque incumbit cernuus armo.

visibly upward and was Iost in cloud,

895 Clamore incendunt caelum Troesque Latinique.

while Turnus drifted o'er the waters wide

Advolat Aeneas vaginaque eripit ensem

before the wind. Bewildered and amazed

et super haec: Ubi nunc Mezentius acer et illa

he looked around him; little joy had he

effera vis animi? Contra Tyrrhenus, ut auras

in his own safety, but upraised his hands

suspiciens hausit caelum mentemque recepit:

in prayer to Heaven: “O Sire omnipotent!

900 Hostis amare, quid increpitas mortemque minaris?

Didst thou condemn me to a shame like this?

Nullum in caede nefas, nec sic ad proelia veni,

Such retribution dire? Whither now?

nec tecum meus haec pepigit mihi foedera Lausus.

Whence came I here? What panic wafts away

Unum hoc per siqua est victis venia hostibus oro:

this Turnus—if 't is he? Shall I behold

corpus humo patiare tegi. Scio acerba meorum

Laurentum's towers once more? But what of those

905 circumstare odia: hunc, oro, defende furorem

my heroes yonder, who took oath to me,

et me consortem nati concede sepulchro.

and whom—O sin and shame!—I have betrayed

Haec loquitur iuguloque haud inscius accipit ensem

to horrible destruction? Even now

undantique animam diffundit in arva cruore.

I see them routed, and my ears receive

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Manuscript Sources

Digitised manuscripts and papyri containing this text.

Vergilius Vaticanus (Vat. lat. 3225)
c. 400 CE

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One of only three illustrated ancient manuscripts to survive from the classical world. Painted in Rome around 400 CE, its miniatures show scenes from the Aeneid and Georgics in a style that bridges Roman wall-painting and the medieval tradition. Only 76 leaves survive from an original estimated at over 400.

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City · Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (DigiVatLib) · Free access for study

Vergilius Romanus (Vat. lat. 3867)
5th century CE

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A complete text of the Aeneid from the 5th century, with 19 full-page miniatures in gold-leaf frames. The illustrations are cruder than the Vaticanus but fascinating — they show how late-antique artists imagined Virgil's scenes. One of the most important surviving witnesses to the complete poem.

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City · Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (DigiVatLib) · Free access for study

Vergilius Palatinus (Pal. lat. 1631)
c. 500 CE

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A late-antique manuscript containing all three of Virgil's major works: Eclogues, Georgics, and Aeneid. Written around 500 CE, it came from Lorsch Monastery in Germany and is now split between the Vatican and Heidelberg. An important witness because it preserves some readings lost in other traditions.

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City (from Lorsch Monastery) · Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (DigiVatLib) · Free access for study

P. Berlin 21138 — Bilingual Aeneid
450-499 CE

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A papyrus codex from Egypt with the Latin text of the Aeneid and a Greek translation written between the lines. Evidence of how the poem was studied in the Greek-speaking eastern Empire during the 5th century. Laid out in four columns with 362 surviving lines from Books 1 and 2.

Agyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Berlin · Berlin Papyrus Database (BerlPap) · CC BY 3.0

P. Berlin 21299 — Aeneid Book 10
4th century CE

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A 4th-century papyrus fragment preserving part of Aeneid Book 10, including the death of Mezentius. Found in Egypt, it shows Latin literature circulating far from Rome. The handwriting suggests a professional scribe rather than a student exercise.

Agyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Berlin · Berlin Papyrus Database (BerlPap) · CC BY 3.0

O. Claud. I 190 — Mons Claudianus Ostracon
100-120 CE

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The oldest surviving witness to Virgil's text. Scratched onto a pottery shard at a Roman quarry in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, around 100–120 CE — within a generation of when our earliest Aeneid manuscripts were being copied. A soldier or worker wrote out the opening lines of the Aeneid, probably from memory.

Qift Archaeological Storeroom, Egypt · Nakala (IIIF) · CC BY 3.0

P. Ryl. Gr. 478 — Manchester Bilingual Aeneid
4th century CE

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A school exercise book from 4th-century Egypt. A student copied out passages from the Aeneid in Latin with a Greek crib alongside — homework that survived nearly two millennia. Now in the John Rylands Library, Manchester.

University of Manchester Library, John Rylands Collection · University of Manchester (John Rylands Collection) · CC BY 3.0

Greenough 1881

Greenough, Ginn and Company, 1881 · 1881

The Editor

James Bradstreet Greenough (1833–1901) was Professor of Latin at Harvard University and one of the most influential American Latinists of the 19th century. He is best remembered for Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (1888), which became the standard Latin grammar textbook in American schools and universities for over a century. His edition of Virgil, produced with collaborators for the American classroom, combined a reliable text with extensive commentary aimed at students.

About This Edition

Greenough's Virgil, published by Ginn and Company (1881), is a school/university text rather than a critical edition in the Teubner or OCT sense. It does not present an independent critical apparatus but follows the best available text of its time, with editorial choices aimed at clarity for students. For a pure critical text of Virgil, the OCT editions by Mynors (Aeneid, 1969; revised 1972) and Clausen (Eclogues, 1994) should be preferred. Greenough's text remains historically interesting as one of the first major American contributions to Virgilian scholarship.