Xenophon On the Art of Horsemanship
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Xenophon

On the Art of Horsemanship

history

A practical treatise on riding: how to buy a horse, train it, and ride it in peace and war. The oldest surviving work on horsemanship.

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Books

  • 1
    Book 1

    Buying a horse. What to look for in conformation, temperament, and soundness. How to avoid being cheated.

    18 lines
  • 2
    Book 2

    The young horse. How to handle a colt, earn its trust, and begin its training without force or cruelty.

    5 lines
  • 3
    Book 3

    Breaking to ride. The first mounting, the first walk, the first canter. Patience and consistency are everything.

    12 lines
  • 4
    Book 4

    Buying a trained horse. How to assess its training, test its mouth, and judge its temperament under saddle.

    5 lines
  • 5
    Book 5

    The stable. Flooring, bedding, and how the stable design affects the horse's feet. Practical details from a horseman who has managed his own stables.

    10 lines
  • 6
    Book 6

    Grooming and hoof care. The groom's daily duties and the importance of foot maintenance. 'No foot, no horse' is as old as horsemanship itself.

    16 lines
  • 7
    Book 7

    Mounting and the seat. How to mount correctly (on the left side), how to sit, and how to balance at all gaits.

    19 lines
  • 8
    Book 8

    The use of the bit and reins. The contact should be light and consistent. A horse ridden on a hard hand will fight; one ridden on a soft hand will listen.

    14 lines
  • 9
    Book 9

    Training for collection and display. How to produce the high-stepping, arched-neck carriage that Greeks admired. The horse should appear to perform willingly.

    12 lines
  • 10
    Book 10

    Riding on rough ground and in war. How to gallop uphill and downhill, jump ditches, and handle a spear from horseback.

    17 lines
  • 11
    Book 11

    The war horse. Training for battle: not to shy at noise, to charge on command, to stop instantly. The rider's weapons and their use from the saddle.

    13 lines
  • 12
    Book 12

    Xenophon's closing advice. The best horseman makes the horse want to cooperate. Force produces obedience; understanding produces brilliance.

    14 lines
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