A practical treatise on riding: how to buy a horse, train it, and ride it in peace and war. The oldest surviving work on horsemanship.
Start ReadingBuying a horse. What to look for in conformation, temperament, and soundness. How to avoid being cheated.
The young horse. How to handle a colt, earn its trust, and begin its training without force or cruelty.
Breaking to ride. The first mounting, the first walk, the first canter. Patience and consistency are everything.
Buying a trained horse. How to assess its training, test its mouth, and judge its temperament under saddle.
The stable. Flooring, bedding, and how the stable design affects the horse's feet. Practical details from a horseman who has managed his own stables.
Grooming and hoof care. The groom's daily duties and the importance of foot maintenance. 'No foot, no horse' is as old as horsemanship itself.
Mounting and the seat. How to mount correctly (on the left side), how to sit, and how to balance at all gaits.
The use of the bit and reins. The contact should be light and consistent. A horse ridden on a hard hand will fight; one ridden on a soft hand will listen.
Training for collection and display. How to produce the high-stepping, arched-neck carriage that Greeks admired. The horse should appear to perform willingly.
Riding on rough ground and in war. How to gallop uphill and downhill, jump ditches, and handle a spear from horseback.
The war horse. Training for battle: not to shy at noise, to charge on command, to stop instantly. The rider's weapons and their use from the saddle.
Xenophon's closing advice. The best horseman makes the horse want to cooperate. Force produces obedience; understanding produces brilliance.