Aristotle's cosmology. De Caelo argues that the heavens are made of a fifth element and move in eternal circles, while the four terrestrial elements move in straight lines. Wrong in its physics, but magnificent in its systematic ambition to explain the structure of the entire universe.
Start ReadingThe nature of the universe and celestial motion. Aristotle argues that the cosmos is spherical and finite, that the heavens are composed of a fifth element (aether), and that celestial motion is eternal and circular.
The stars, the earth, and the structure of the heavens. Aristotle argues that the earth is spherical and stationary at the centre of the universe, and examines the nature and arrangement of the celestial bodies.
Generation, destruction, and the sublunary elements. Aristotle transitions from celestial to terrestrial physics, arguing that the four elements undergo mutual transformation and that generation requires a first cause.
The properties of the four elements. Aristotle examines the natural motions of earth, water, air, and fire, arguing that each element has a natural place to which it moves, and analyses the concepts of heaviness and lightness.