πύργος

A. tower, esp. such as were attached to the walls of a city, Il. 7.219, al., Hes. Sc. 242, Hdt. 3.74, al., Th. 2.17, al., Plb. 5.99.9, etc.: in pl., city walls or ramparts with their towers, Il. 7.338, 437; in sg., ἧντ’ ἐπὶ πύργῳ 3.153, cf. 22.447; πόλιος ἣν πέρι πύργος ὑψηλός Od. 6.262; πέριξ δὲ πύργος εἶχ’ ἔτι πτόλιν E. Hec. 1209; πύργους ἐπὶ τῶν γεφυρῶν ἐπιστῆσαι Pl. Criti. 116a.

b. movable tower for storming towns, X. Cyr. 6.1.53, 6.2.18; π. ὑπότροχοι Onos. 42.3.

c. tower on the back of war-elephants, Arr. Tact. 2.4.

d. Ζανὸς π., Pythag. name for the central fire of the universe, Arist. Fr. 204.

2. metaph., tower of defence, τοῖος . . σφιν π. ἀπώλεο, of Ajax, Od. 11.556; ἄνδρες πόλιος π. ἀρεύϊος Alc. Supp. 1a.10; παῖς ἄρσην πατέρ’ ἔχει π. μέγαν E. Alc. 311, cf. Med. 390; ἅπας μοι π. Ἑλλήνων πατρίς Trag.Adesp. 392; θανάτων δ’ ἐμᾷ χώρᾳ π. ἀνέστα a tower of defence from deaths, S. OT 1201 (lyr.).

3. the part of a house (prob. a separate building) in which the women lived and worked, αἱ ἄλλαι θεράπαιναι ἐν τῷ π. ἦσαν, οὗπερ διαιτῶνται D. 47.56; esp. if unmarried, as Hero in her tower, Musae. 32,187, cf. Philostr.Jun. Im. 1; of the workman's hut of Timon the misanthrope (which also became his tomb, cf. Luc. Tim. 42), Paus. 1.30.4, cf. AP 7.402 (Antip.); outbuildings, esp. if used in industry, LXX Is. 5.2, Mi. 4.8, PStrassb. 110.6 (iii B.C.), BGU 1194.9 (ii B.C.), 650.8 (i A.D.), POxy. 243.15 (i A.D.), Ev.Marc. 12.1, Ev.Luc. 14.28, PGiss. 67.16 (ii A.D.), IG 22.2776.65 (ii A.D.); π. ἐν ᾧ βαφεῖον καὶ ἕτερα χρηστήρια PLond. 2.371.3 (i A.D.).

II. part of an army drawn up in close order, column, Il. 4.334,347.

2. at Teos, a division of the people, CIG 3064,3081, al.

III. dice-box, AP 9.482.24 (Agath.); cf. Lat. pyrgus.