πυκνόω

A. make close or solid, τὴν σάρκα Arist. Pr. 865b18, cf. Phld. Mort. 8; of winds, νέφεσι π. τὸν οὐρανόν thickens it, Arist. Mete. 364b24:—Pass., of vapour and air, ib.342a21, 344b4; νεφῶν πυκνουμένων Epicur. Nat. 14 Fr. 6.

2. contract, condense, opp. μανόω, Arist. Spir. 485a31; of the effect of cold, Id. GA 783b1:—Pass., of frozen water, Antipho Soph. 29, Arist. Metaph. 1042b28, Mu. 394a33; ὁ σίδηρος ὑπὸ τοῦ ψυχροῦ πυκνοῦται is contracted, Plu. Alc. 6; of steam, ὁ ἀτμὸς ‐οῦται καὶ σταγόνες ἀποπίπτουσι Hp. Flat. 8.

II. pack close, ἑωυτούς close their ranks, Hdt. 9.18, cf. Ascl. Tact. 10.4, Ael. Tact. 11.2 (Pass.); τὸ βάθος ἐπὶ τὸ δεξιόν Plb. 18.24.8; τὴν τάξιν εἰς βάθος Plu. Flam. 8; σαυτὸν στρόβει πυκνώσας spin yourself round and concentrate your thoughts, Ar. Nu. 701 (lyr.):—Pass., to be compressed, εἰς ἐλάττω τόπον Arist. Cael. 296a18; [τὴν διάνοιαν] πυκνοῦσθαι εἰκός Plu. 2.715c; τῷ πνεύματι πυκνουμένῳ, i.e. without taking breath, Id. Dem. 11.

b. in Logic, πυκνοῦται τὸ μέσον is compressed, becomes closer in signification, Arist. APo. 84b35; also πεπύκνωται [ὁ Λυσίας] τοῖς νοήμασι, of a terse style, D.H. Lys. 5.

III. close, shut up, π. τοὺς πόρους Thphr. Sud. 27; τὸν στόμαχον Plu. 2.687d; φλέβες πυκνωθεῖσαι Hp. Salubr. 7.

IV. Pass., to be thickly covered, ἡ γῆ τῶν [ἰχνῶν] πυκνοῦται with traces, X. Cyn. 5.7.

V. intr., become dense, Arist. Mete. 344a30, Pr. 934b15: in Tactics, πεπυκνωκότες ἀπὸ τῶν κεράτων ἐπὶ τὰ μέσα Plb. 3.115.6, cf. Ascl. Tact. 4.4, Ael. Tact. 11.6.