πτῶσις

A. falling, fall, κύβων Pl. R. 604c, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic. 2.282 (pl.); κεραυνῶν Arist. Mete. 339a3, Plu. 2.1005b (pl.); Φαέθοντος Plb. 2.16.13: metaph., π. τῆς ψυχῆς, opp. ἔπαρσις, Zeno Stoic. 1.51 (pl.): abs., calamity, ἐν καιρῷ πτώσεως LXX Si. 3.31, cf. Ex. 30.12; πτώσεις ἀνθρώπων Orph. Fr. 251, al.; death, Lyd. Ost. 12, 14,20.

II. Gramm., mode or modification of a word, Arist. Po. 1457a18, al.; applied to cases, including nom., ib.20, Int. 16b1: to genders, Id. SE 173b27: to Sup. of Adjs., Id. Top. 136b30: to Advbs., ib.15, Rh. 1397a20: to Adjs. derived fr. nouns, e.g. χαλκοῦς, ib.1410a32: to tenses (exc. the pres.), Id. Int. 16b17: so by the Stoics to variety of flexion, Stoic. 3.263, but most freq. to cases of the Noun, περὶ τῶν πέντε π., title of work by Chrysipp., cf. D.T. 634.16, etc.; κατὰ μίαν πτῶσιν indeclinable, A.D. Adv. 165.10.

III. in the Logic of Arist., mood of syllogisms, APr. 42b30.

b. arrangement of terms in a syllogism, Id. APo. 94a12.