περ

A. very much, however much.—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.:

1. in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. ὤν, ἐπεί μ’ ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα all shortlived as I am, Il. 1.352 ; φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν ib.587 ; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης 3.201 : mostly concessive like καίπερ (q. v.), ἀγαθός π. ἐών however brave thou art, 1.131, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών 15.164; κύνεός π. ἐών 9.373; δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν ib.343; μέγαν π. ἐόντα 5.625: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα A. Supp. 55(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν S. Ph. 1068 : with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ Il. 1.546 ; γυνή π. οὖσα A. Th. 1043 : with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής Il. 2.246 : with καί preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών 15.195, etc.: with the part. ὤν omitted, φράδμων π. ἀνήρ however shrewd, 16.638; κρατερός π. 21.63 ; χερείονά π. 17.539 ; καὶ θεός π. A. Ag. 1203, cf. 1084 : with parts., ἱεμένων π. however eager, Il. 17.292 ; καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου grieved though he was for . . , 8.125.

2. intens., ἐλεεινότερός π. more pitiable by far, 24.504 ; μίνυνθά π. for a very little, 1.416, 13.573 ; ὀλίγον π. 11.391 ; πρῶτόν π. first of all, 14.295 ; ὑστάτιόν π. 8.353 ; ὀψέ π. Pi. N. 3.80 : to strengthen a negation, οὐδὲ . . π. not even, not at all, οὐδ’ ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει Il. 21.130, cf. 8.201, 11.841, 21.410, Od. 1.59, 3.236 ; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι 11.441 ; ἢν μή π. Hdt. 6.57.

3. to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα Il. 10.70; ἡμεῖς δ’ αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα 17.712; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν 21.308 : esp. at any rate, τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι honour (whatever else) he owed me, 1.353, cf. 2.236, 17.121,239 ; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ 8.242 : in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον at all events, 1.508 : in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο . . , σὺ δ’ ἄλλους π. . . ἐλέαιρε 9.301, cf. 11.796, 12.349.

II. after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces:

1. after hypothetical Conjs., v. εἴπερ.

2. after temporal Conjs., ὅτε π. just when, Il. 4.259, 5.802, etc.; ἦμος . . π. 11.86; ὅταν π. S. OC 301, etc.; πρίν π. before even, Il. 15.588.

3. after causal Conjs., v. ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ ; δῑ ὅ τι π. just because, Hdt. 4.186.

4. after relats., v. ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ.

5. after the comp. particle, v. ἤπερ, ἠέπερ.

6. after καί, v. καίπερ.