γε

I. with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ . . σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, Od. 9.393; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ . . εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them, 17.475; μάλιστά γε 4.366; ὅ γ’ ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, S. OC 42, etc.: with negs., οὐ δύο γε not even two, Il. 5.303, 20.286; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, E. IA 9.

2. with Pronouns: with Pron. of 1st Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε (also ἔγωγα Lacon., but ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα Boeot.): in Hom. freq. with Art. used as Pron., v. ὅ γε: with demonstr. Pronouns, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Com. coalescing with ‐ί final, αὑτηγί Ar. Ach. 784; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., Id. V. 781, Pax 1057, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί Th. 646): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν Il. 20.425, etc.: freq. after relat. Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν S. Ph. 1364; ὅς γ’ ἐξέλυσας δασμόν Id. OT 35, etc.; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as . . , ib.365; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται Pl. R. 329a: rarely with interrog. Pronouns, τίνα γε . . εἶπας ; E. Tr. 241; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ’ Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; S. Ph. 441.

3. after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sts. repeated, οὐ μὲν . . ὀΐω πρίν γ’ ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε . . αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα Il. 5.288, cf. Od. 2.127; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ’ ἄν, Ar. Eq. 961, Ra. 78, etc.; ὅτε γε Pl. Phd. 84e; ὁπότε γε S. OC 1699; ἐπεί γε X. An. 1.3.9; ἐπειδή γε Th. 6.18; ὅπου γε X. Cyr. 2.3.11; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, Th. 6.18, Pl. Phdr. 25<*>c; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not . . , Ar. Ach. 317; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, Hdt. 7.16.γ/, 143, etc.; ὥστε γε (v.l. ὥς γε), with inf., so far at least as to . . , Pl. Phdr. 230b; ὥς γ’ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ E. Alc. 801; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, S. Ant. 570, OT 715, etc.:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα X. Mem. 4.5.2, Pl. R. 412b; ἐάντε γε Id. Plt. 293d; οἵ τέ γε Id. Grg. 454e:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, v. infr. 11.3.

4. after other Particles, καὶ μὴν . . γε, οὐ μὴν . . γε, with words intervening, X. Mem. 1.4.12, E. Alc. 518, etc.; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, Id. Ph. 1215, Or. 784; ἄταρ . . γε but yet, Ar. Ach. 448; καίτοι γε, v. καί τοι; ἀλλά γε (without intervening words) is f.l. in Pl. Hp.Ma. 287b (leg. ἀλλ’ ἄγε), R. 331b (ἀλλά γε ἕν codd., ἀλλὰ ἕν γε Stob.); ἀλλά γε δή dub. in Id. Phdr. 262a; later, Plu. 2.394c, Ael. NA 10.49 codd.: but,

5. when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sts. modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν Ar. Eq. 232, cf. E. El. 754, X., etc.; Ep. and Ion. γε μέν Il. 2.703, Od. 4.195, Hdt. 7.152; γε μὲν δή A. Ag. 661, S. Tr. 484; γε μέντοι Pl. Tht. 164a, X. An. 2.3.9, etc.: γε δή freq. strengthens an assertion, A. Pr. 42, Th. 2.62, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή Pl. Euthd. 275a (cf. also 11.1); γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, Ar. V. 934, Pl. 424,1041, etc.; γέ τοι Pl. Grg. 447b; γέ τοι δή S. OT 1171, Pl. Phdr. 264b; γέ τοί που Id. Lg. 888e; γε δήπου Id. Phd. 94a, etc.; γέ που at all events, any how, Ar. Ach. 896, Pl. R. 607d, 478a, etc.; for γε οὖν, v. γοῦν.

II. exercising an influence over the whole clause:

1. epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, Od. 1.390; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον . . , εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, 9.529: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, ἀνὴρ . . ὅστις πινυτός γε any man—at least any wise man, 1.229; freq. preceded by καί, usu. with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besi <*>es that . . , A. Pr. 73; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, Pl. Phd. 58d; καὶ γελοίως γε Id. R. 531a; freq. with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα . . πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον Id. Cri. 47b; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ . . καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή Id. Tht. 156b; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον LXX Ec. 2.8; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν Hp. Septim. 9, cf. Lys. 11.7 codd.; καί γε . . ἐκχεῶ Act.Ap. 2.18: hence,

2. in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι . . κρέα ; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, Ar. Ach. 1049; κενὸν τόδ’ ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι ; Answ. σά γ’ ἔνδυτα . . yes indeed, your clothes, E. Ion 1412; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ’ ἂν γένοιο γ’ ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you . . , Id. Med. 817, cf. S. OT 680, etc.; πάνυ γε yes certainly, Pl. Euthphr. 8e, etc.; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, Id. Tht. 165c; sts. preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ’ ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, ib.142b, cf. d, 147e; sts. ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν E. IT 1212.

3. to heighten a contrast or opposition,

a. after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ’ . . , τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε . . if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will . . , Il. 15.49 sq.; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι . . τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, X. Cyr. 5.5.20; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ’ ἐπιβάλλει D. 18.272:—sts. in the protasis, εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε . . ἀλλ’ ἀέκοντας . . Hdt. 4.120.

b. in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε . . δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ . . Id. 1.11; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα Th. 2.40; πατὴρ δ’ ἐμός . . ζώει ὅ γ’ ἢ τέθνηκε Od. 2.131, cf. Il. 10.504: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι Od. 3.214, cf. Hdt. 7.10.θ/, S. OT 1098 sq.

4. in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ’ ὤφελον λαβεῖν dub. in E. IA 70, cf. S. OC 977, Ph. 1003, Ar. Ach. 93,836, etc.; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ’ v.l. in Ar. Eq. 698; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ’ οὐδέποτ’ Id. Ec. 748; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε X. Ap. 20; καὶ νὴ Δία γε Ar. Eq. 1350, D.Chr. 17.4, Luc. Merc.Cond. 28, Lib. Or. 11.59, etc.: with words intervening, καὶ νὴ Δί’, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε . . D. 13.16; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν X. HG 7.1.37; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ . . Od. 8.209, etc.

5. implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), E. HF 861; δρᾶ γ’ εἴ τι δράσεις Id. IA 817, cf. Andr. 239.

III. γε freq. repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε . . , πρίν γε, v. supr. 1.3; εἰ μή γε . . τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ Lys. 31.29; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ’ ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους Ar. V. 1507, cf. Hdt. 1.187, E. Ph. 554, Pl. R. 335b, Grg. 502a.

IV. POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is freq. placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος Th. 1.66, etc.; or the Prep., κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον X. Cyr. 3.1.15; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις S. OT 1380; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε Pl. Tht. 144e; τὸ δέ γε ib.164b; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν Id. R. 607d, cf. Phd. 94a, etc.; freq. in retorts, ἁμές ποκ’ ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ’ εἰμές Carm.Pop. 18; οὐκ οἶδ’ ὅτι λέγεις. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ’, ὡς ἐγῷμαι Men. Epit. 577, cf. A. Th. 1031, etc.