βάρβαρος

A. barbarous, i.e. non-Greek, foreign, not in Hom. (but cf. βαρβαρόφωνος); β. ψυχαί Heraclit. 107; esp. as Subst. βάρβαροι,οἱ, originally all non-Greek-speaking peoples, then specially of the Medes and Persians, A. Pers. 255, Hdt. 1.58, etc.: generally, opp. Ἕλληνες, Pl. Plt. 262d, cf. Th. 1.3, Arist. Pol. 1252b5, Str. 14.2.28; βαρβάρων Ἕλληνας ἄρχειν εἰκός E. IA 1400; β. καὶ δοῦλον ταὐτὸ φύσει Arist. Pol. 1252b9; οἱ β. δουλικώτεροι τὰ ἤθη φύσει τῶν Ἑλλήνων ib.1285a20; β. πόλεμον war with the barbarians, Th. 2.36 codd.; ἡ βάρβαρος (sc. γῆ), opp. αἱ Ἑλληνίδες πόλεις, Th. 2.97, cf.A. Pers. 187, X. An. 5.5.16. Adv. ‐ρως, opp. Ἑλληνικῶς, Porph. Abst. 3.3.

2. esp. of language, φωνὴ β. A. Ag. 1051, Pl. Prt. 341c; γλῶσσα β. S. Aj. 1263, cf. Hdt. 2.57, Str. l. c. supr., etc.; συλλραφαί Hippias 6 D.; of birds, Ar. Av. 199. Adv., βαρβάρως, ὠνόμασται have foreign names, Str. 10.3.17.

3. Gramm., of bad Greek, Gell. 5.20.5; τὸ β., of style, opp. Ἑλληνικόν, S.E. M. 1.64.

II. after the Persian war, brutal, rude, ἀμαθὴς καὶ β. Ar. Nu. 492; τὸ τῆς φύσεως β. καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθρόν D. 21.150; σκαιὸς καὶ β. τὸν τρόπον Id. 26.17; β. ἀνηλεής τε Men. Epit. 477: Comp. ‐ώτερος X. Eph.2.4: Sup., πάντων βαρβαρώτατος θεῶν Ar. Av. 1573, cf. Th. 8.98, X. An. 5.4.34.

III. used by Jews of Greeks, LXX 2 Ma. 2.21.

IV. name for various plasters, Androm. and Herasap.Gal. 13.555. (Onomatopoeic acc. to Str. 14.2.28.)