χρόνος

A. time, Hom. (v. infr.), etc.: dist. fr. καιρός, D. 59.35, cf. Ammon. Diff. p.79 V.; τῶν δὲ πεπραγμένων ἀποίητον οὐδ’ ἂν χ. δύναιτο θέμεν τέλος P.O. 2.17; μυρίος χ. Id. I. 5(4).28, S. OC 618; μακρὸς κἀναρίθμητος χ. Id. Aj. 646; ὁ πᾶς χ. Pi. P. 1.46, cf. A. Eu. 484; πρόπας χ. ib.898; ἐς τὸ πᾶν χρόνου ib.670; but in Prose, τοῦ χ. τὸν πλεῖστον Th. 1.30, cf. Isoc. 9.41; τὸν πρῶτον τοῦ χ. X. Lac. 1.5; τὸν δῑ αἰῶνος χ. A. Ag. 554; χρόνου πολλοῦ δέονται take a long time, X. Smp. 2.4, etc.; δότε τι τῷ χ. Antipho 5.86.

b. time in the abstract, ἀμερὴς χ. Timo 76; τριμερής S.E. M. 10.197, cf. Plu. 2.153b; defined by Zeno Stoic. 1.26, Apollod. ib.3.260.

2. a definite time, period, δεκέτης, τρίμηνος, S. Ph. 715 (lyr.), Tr. 164; χ. βίου, ἥβης χ., E. Alc. 670, El. 20; πολὺν ἀριθμὸν χρόνου γεγονότες Aeschin. 1.49: pl., of points or periods of time, τοῖς χ. ἀκριβῶς with chronological accuracy, Th. 1.97; τοῖς χ. by the dates, Isoc. 11.36; μετενεγκόντα τοὺς χ. altering the dates, D. 18.225; μακρῶν καὶ πολλῶν χρόνων Pl. Lg. 798b; τεσσαράκοντα χρόνους ἐνιαυτῶν IG 5(1).728.7 (Sparta), cf. 14.1747.3 (Rome); χρόνων μῆκος (dub., leg. χρόνου) Chor. 35.51 p.403 F.-R.

b. date, term of payment due, Leg.Gort. 1.10, al.

c. year, Ἑλληνικά 1.233 (Rhamnus, i B. C.), PLond. 2.417.14 (iv A. D.), App.Anth. 6.154.1 (leg. εἷς ἔτι), Ps.-Ptol. Centil. 24, cf. EM 254.13.

d. equatorial degree, Ptol. Tetr. 44, Paul.Al. A. 2, al., Cat.Cod.Astr. 5(1).240.

3. Special phrases:

a. acc., χρόνον for a while, for a long or short time, Od. 4.599, 6.295, Hdt. 1.175, 7.223, etc.; πολὺν χρόνον for a long time, Od. 11.161; δηρὸν χ. Il. 14.206; οὐκ ὀλίγον χ. 19.157; τοῦτον τὸν χ. Hdt. 1.75; ἐς τὸν αἰὲν χ. for ever, E. Or. 207 (lyr.); οὐ πολὺς χ. ἐξ οὗ . . Pl.R. 452c; παλαιὸς ἀφ’ οὗ χρόνος S. Aj. 600 (lyr.); ἦν χρόνος ἐν ᾧ . . , or ὅτε . . , Linusap.D.L. Prooem. 4, Critias 25.1 D.; ἕνα χ. once for all, Il. 15.511.

b. gen., χρόνου περιιόντος as time came round, Hdt. 4.155; so χ. ἐπιγενομένου, διεξελθόντος, προβαίνοντος, Id. 1.28, 2.52, 3.53; χρόνου γενομένου after a time, D.S. 20.109; ὀλίγου χρόνου in a short time, Hdt. 3.134; πολλοῦ . . οὐχ ἑόρακά πω χρόνου Ar. Pl. 98; οὐ μακροῦ χ., τοῦ λοιποῦ χ., S. El. 478 (lyr.), 817; βαιοῦ κοὐχὶ μυρίου χ. Id. OC 397; ποίου χρόνου; A. Ag. 278; πόσου χ.; after how long? Ar. Ach. 83.

c. dat., χρόνῳ in process of time, Xenoph. 18, Hdt. 1.80, 176, al.: freq. in Trag., as A. Ag. 126,463, Ch. 650 (all lyr.); also χρόνῳ κοτέ Hdt. 9.62; τῷ χ. ποτέ Ar. Nu. 865; χρόνῳ, χρόνοις ὕστερον, long after, Th. 1.8, Lys. 3.39; οὐ χρόνῳ immediately, Ps.Democr.Alch.p.49B.: also c. Art., τῷ χ. Ar. Nu. 66, 1242.

d. ὁ ἄλλος χ., in Att., of past time, D. 20.16, ὁ λοιπὸς χ., of future, v. λοιπός 3; so χ. ἐφέρπων, ἐπαντέλλων, μέλλων, Pi. O. 6.97, 8.28, 10(11).7; also κατὰ χ. ἱκνούμενον or κατὰ χ. τὸν ἱ. at a later (or the fitting) time, Ant.Lib. 27.4 (cf. ἱκνέομαι 111.2).

4. with Preps.:—ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, after a time, Hdt. 1.173, 2.151, 5.27, al.

b. ἀφ’ οὗ χρόνου from such time as . . , X. Cyr. 1.2.13.

c. διὰ χρόνου after a time, after an interval, S. Ph. 758, Ar. Lys. 904, Pl. 1055, Th. 2.94; διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ Hdt. 3.27; διὰ π. χ. Ar. V. 1476; διὰ μακρῶν χρόνων Pl. Ti. 22d: but χρόνος . . διὰ χρόνου προὔβαινέ μοι means one space of time after another, day after day, S. Ph. 285.

d. ἐκ πολλοῦ τευ χ. a long time since, long ago, Hdt. 2.58.

e. ἐν χρόνῳ, like χρόνῳ, in course of time, at length, A. Eu. 1000 (lyr.); for a long time, Pl. Phdr. 278d; ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ ib.228a; ἐν χρόνοισι perh. formerly, [Emp.]Sphaer. 108 (leg. Κάρπιμος).

f. ἐντὸς χρόνου within a certain time, Hdt. 8.104.

g. ἐπὶ χρόνον for a time, for a while, Il. 2.299, Od. 14.193, Hdt. 1.116; πολλὸν ἐπὶ χ. Od. 12.407; χρόνον ἐπὶ μακρόν Hdt. 1.81; παυρίδιον or παῦρον ἐπὶ χ., Hes. Op. 133, 326.

h. ἐς χρόνον hereafter, Hdt. 3.72, 9.89.

i. μετὰ χρόνον after a time, Id. 2.52, etc.; μέχρι τοῦ αὐτοῦ χ. up to the same time, Th. 1.13.

k. πρὸ τοῦ καθήκοντος χ. Aeschin. 3.126; so τοῦ χρόνου πρόσθεν S. Ant. 461.

l. σὺν (ξὺν) χρόνῳ, like χρόνῳ or διὰ χρόνου, A. Ag. 1378, Eu. 555 (lyr.).

m. ὑπὸ χρόνου by lapse of time, Th. 1.21: but ὑπὸ αὐτὸν τὸν χ. about the same time, Hdt. 7.165, cf. Th. 1.100 (pl.).

II. lifetime, age, ὁ μακρὸς ἀνθρώπων χρόνος S. Ph. 306; χρόνῳ παλαιοί Id. OC 112; χρόνῳ μείων ib.374; τοσόσδε τῷ χ. so far gone in years, Pl. Ax. 365b; χρόνῳ βραδύς S. OC 875.

III. season or portion of the year, περιγράψαι τοῦ ἔτους χρόνον X. Mem. 1.4.12.

IV. delay, οὐδ’ ἐποίησαν (fort. ἐνεποίησαν)χ. οὐδένα D. 19.163; χρόνον δ’ αἱ νύκτες ἔχοντι linger, Theoc. 21.25; χρόνους ἐμποιεῖν to interpose delays, D. 23.93.

V. Gramm.,

1. tense of a verb, D.H. Th. 24, A.D. Adv. 123.17, D.T. 638.3.

2. time or quantity of a syllable, Longin. 39.4, A.D. Synt. 130.4, al.: βραχὺς χ. a short syllable, ib.309.23; of the augment, ib.237.10.

3. in Rhythmic and Music, time, διαιρεῖται ὁ χ. ὑπὸ τῶν ῥυθμιζομένων Aristox. Rhyth. p.79 W., etc.; ὁ πρῶτος [χ.] time-unit, ibid., Aristid. Quint. 1.14, etc.; χρόνος κενός ib.18: freq. in pl., λέξις εἰς χρόνους τεθεῖσα διαφέροντας Aristox. Rhyth. p.77 W., cf. Anon.Rhythm. Oxy. 9ii6; [μέτρα] προχωρεῖ ἕως λ/ χρόνων Aristid.Quint. 1.23.