χολή

A. gall, bile, Archil. 131, A. Ch. 184, E. Fr. 682, Th. 2.49, etc.; χ. μέλαινα black, i. e. diseased, bile, Hp. Aph. 4.23, Pl. Ti. 83c (but, = μελαγχολία, Men. Epit. 459); ξανθὴ χ. Hp. VM 19; πυρρά Gal. 15.658; χολὴν ἐμεῖν, βῆξαι, Nicopho 12, Herod. 3.70 (prob. l.): prov., πικρῷ πικρὰν κλύζουσι φαρμάκῳ χολήν S. Fr. 854; πικρότερ’ αὐτῆς τῆς χ. Alex. 16.12; χολῇ ἀλείφειν, prov. of giving one a disgust for a thing, from the custom of mothers putting gall to the nipple when the child was to be weaned, Diph. 74.

2. pl. χολαί, gall-bladder, S. Ant. 1010; called δοχαὶ χολῆς, E. El. 828; also in sg., A. Pr. 495; χολὴν τῶν ζῴων τὰ μὲν ἔχει τὰ δ’ οὐκ ἔχει Arist. HA 506a20, cf. PA 677b11.

3. metaph. (mostly in Poets) like χόλος (q. v.), bile, gall, i. e. bitter anger, wrath, Ar. Pax 66; ἢ γυναιξὶν οὐκ οἴει χολὴν ἐνεῖναι; Id. Lys. 465; οὐδεὶς χολὴν οὐδ’ ὀργὴν ἔχων φανήσεται D. 25.27; πάνυ ἐστ’ ἤδη χ. stirs my bile, makes me sick, Ar. Ra. 4; ἐπιζεῖ χ. the bile boils over, Id. Th. 468; χολὴν κινεῖν Id. V. 403, cf. Pherecr. 69.

II. ink of the cuttle-fish, Nic. Al. 473, Th. 561.

III. in LXX = Hebr. rôsh, a poisonous plant, variously called hemlock or poppy, Ps. 68(69).22, Je. 8.14.

IV. serpent's venom, χ. ἀσπίδος ib.Jb. 20.14; of the hydra's venom, Apollod. 2.5.2, D.S. 4.11.

V. bitter drink, Ev.Matt. 27.34. (With χολή, χόλος, cf. Lat.fel, ONorse gall, etc., 'bile, gall':—prob. the name is derived from the colour of bile, and is cogn. with Lat. (h)olus, helvus, Germ. gelb 'yellow', perh. also χλόη.)