φυσικός

A. natural, produced or caused by nature, inborn, native, once in X. Mem. 3.9.1, not in Pl., freq. in Arist. (τὰ περὶ γένεσιν φ. Ph. 191a3, al.), and later Prose; opp. διδακτός, X. l.c.; opp. νομικός (conventional), δίκαιον Arist. EN 1134b19; ἡ φ. χρῆσις, opp. ἡ παρὰ φύσιν, Ep.Rom. 1.26; of style, natural, simple, ἀληθὲς καὶ φ. χρῶμα D.H. Th. 42; τὸ φ., opp. τὸ τεχνικόν, ib.34: φ. υἱός, = ὁ ἐκ πορνείας γεγονώς, opp. γνήσιος, Thom.Mag.p.362 R.; υἱὸς γνήσιος καὶ φ. PLips. 28.18 (iv A. D.). Adv. ‐κῶς by nature, naturally, κινητόν, κινεῖσθαι, Arist. Ph. 201a24, Cael. 307b32; ὠχυρωμένη φ. λίμνῃ D.S. 20.55; ἀκατασκεύως καὶ φ. Plb. 6.4.7, etc.

b. belonging to the nature of a plant, characteristic, Thphr. HP 8.4.4, al.

2. belonging to growth, Stoic. 2.205, al.

3. φ. ὀδόντες milk-teeth, Nicom. ap. Theol.Ar. 49.

II. of or concerning the order of external nature, natural, physical, ἡ φ. ἐπιστήμη Arist. PA 640a2; φ. φιλοσοφία ib.653a9; ἡ φ. Id. Metaph. 1026a6, etc.; opp. μαθηματική, θεολογική, ib.1064b2; τὰ φ. ib.1026a4; οἱ φ. λόγοι f.l. for οἱ φυσιολόγοι, Id. EN 1154b7; φ. προτάσεις, opp. ἠθικαί, λογικαί, Id. Top. 105b21; τὸ φ., τὸ ἠθικόν, τὸ λογικόν, the three branches of philosophy, Zeno Stoic. 1.15, etc., cf. S.E. P. 2.13; τὰ πρῶτα καὶ ‐ώτατα the primal elements of things, Plu. 2.395d.

2. ὁ φ. an inquirer into nature, natural philosopher, Arist. de An. 403a28, PA 641a21, Metaph. 1005a34; περὶ πασῶν [τῶν αἰτιῶν] εἰδέναι τοῦ φ. Id. Ph. 198a22, cf. Metaph. 1026a5: esp. of the Ionic and other pre-Socratic philosophers, Id. Ph. 184b17, 187a12, 205a5, al.: also ὁ φ., of Epicurus, Phylarch. 24J.; ὁ φυσικώτατος, of Thales, Luc. Ner. 4.

b. army surgeon, dub. in IG 12.950.153.

3. ἡ φ. ἀκρόασις, title of a treatise by Arist.; τὰ φυσικά, a name given to his physical treatises, Id. Ph. 267b21, Metaph. 1042b8; ἐπιτομὴ φυσικῶν Id. Pr. 10tit.

4. Adv. ‐κῶς according to the laws of nature, Id. Ph. 198a23; opp. λογικῶς, ib.204b10: Comp. ‐ώτερον εἰπεῖν Id. GC 335b25.

III. later, belonging to occult laws of nature, magical, φ. φάρμακα spells or amulets, Alex. Trall.1.15; φυσικοῖς χρῆσθαι Gp. 2.18.8; φ. θεραπεία ib.2.42.3; φ. δακτύλιοι Sch.Ar. Pl. 884. Adv. ‐κῶς Gp. 9.1.5.