ὕβρις

A. wanton violence, arising from the pride of strength or from passion, insolence, freq. in Od., mostly of the suitors, μνηστήρων, τῶν ὕ. τε βίη τε σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν ἵκει 15.329, 17.565; μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕ. ἔχοντες 1.368, 4.321; λίην γὰρ ἀτάσθαλον ὕ. ἔχουσι 16.86, cf.Alc. Supp. 27.10; ὕβρει εἴξαντες Od. 14.262, 17.431; θεοὶ . . ἀνθρώπων ὕβριν τε καὶ εὐνομίην ἐφορῶντες ib.487; δίκη ὑπὲρ ὕβριος ἴσχει Hes. l.c., cf. Archil. 88, IG 12.394 (vi B. C.), 42(1).122.98 (Epid., iv B. C.); joined with ὀλιγωρίη, Hdt. 1.106; δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος A. Eu. 533 (lyr.); ἐπιθυμίας . . ἀρξάσης ἐν ἡμῖν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὕ. ἐπωνομάσθη Pl. Phdr. 238a; in Poets freq. joined with κόρος (v. κόρος (A) 2): predicated of actions, ἆρ’ οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ’; S. OC 883; ταῦτ’ οὐχ ὕβρις δῆτ’ ἐστίν; Ar. Nu. 1299, cf. Ra. 21, Pl. 886; ὕβρις τάδ’ ἐστί, κρείσσω δαιμόνων εἶναι θέλειν E. Hipp. 474; ὕβρει in wantonness or insolence, S. El. 881, Pl. Ap. 26e; ἐφ’ ὕβρει E. Or. 1581, D. 21.38, PCair.Zen. 462.9 (iii B. C.), etc.; δῑ ὕβριν D. 21.42; διὰ τὴν ὕ. X. HG 2.2.10; πρὸς ὕβριν Plu. Alc. 37, etc.

2. lust, lewdness, opp. σωφροσύνη, Thgn. 379, X. Cyr. 8.4.14.

3. of animals, violence, Hdt. 1.189; ὕβρις ὀρθία κνωδάλων Pi. P. 10.36, cf. N. 1.50 (v. ὑβρίζω 1.2); ἡ ἐκ τοῦ χαλινοῦ ὕ. D.Chr. 63.5.

II. = ὕβρισμα, an outrage (though it is freq. difficult to separate this concrete sense from the abstract), Il. 1.203, 214; ὕβριν τεῖσαι Od. 24.352; ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἄρχεσθαι ὕ. ἐσχάτη Democr. 111, cf. Xenoph. 1.17: sts., like ὑβρίζω, folld. by a Prep., Ἥρας μητέρ’ εἰς ἐμὴν ὕβρις her outrage towards . . , E. Ba. 9; ἡ κατ’ Ἀργείων(‐ους codd.Priscian.) ὕ. S. Fr. 368; ἡ πρὸς τοὺς δημότας ὕ. Hdn. 2.4.1: c. gen. objecti, ὕ. τινός towards him, Id. 1.8.4, etc.: pl., wanton acts, outrages, Hes. Op. 146, E. Ba. 247, HF 741, Pl. Lg. 884a, etc.:—for ὕβριν ὑβρίζειν, cf. ὑβρίζω 11.2.

2. an outrage on the person, esp. violation, rape, Pi. P. 2.28, Lys. 1.2, etc.; παίδων ὕβρεις καὶ γυναικῶν αἰσχύνας Isoc. 4.114, cf. Plb. 6.8.5; τὴν ὕ. τὴν εἰς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα Aeschin. 1.116; τὴν τοῦ σώματος ὕβριν πεπρακώς ib.188; so τὸ σῶμα ἐφ’ ὕβρει πεπρακώς ib.29; γυναῖκας ἤγαγε δεῦρ’ ἐφ’ ὕβρει D. 19.309; γυναικῶν ὕβρεις ἢ εἰς αὑτοὺς ἢ εἰς υἱεῖς Arist. Rh. 1373a35.

3. in Law, a term covering all the more serious injuries done to the person, Isoc. 20.2, Aeschin. 1.15, D. 37.33, 45.4; see esp. D. 21 (against Meidias); ὁ τῆς ὕβρεως νόμος ib.35 (the text is given ib.47); δίκη ὕβρεως ἢ πληγῶν PHal. 1.115 (iii B. C.), cf. PHib. 1.32.8 (iii B. C.), etc.

III. used of a loss by sea, Pi. (v. ναυσίστονος), Act.Ap. 27.21.

B. as masc., = ὑβριστής, a violent, overbearing man, κακῶν ῥεκτῆρα καὶ ὕβριν ἀνέρα Hes. Op. 191.