σύνθεσις

A. putting together, composition, combination, Pl. Phd. 93a, R. 611b; τῶν λίθων Arist. EN 1174a23, cf. IG 42(1).103.56 (Epid., iv B.C.), 7.3073.92 (Lebad., ii B.C.); τῶν σπονδύλων Sor. 1.102; storage, τῶν μήλων (quinces in a ῥίσκος) Phylarch. 10 J.; but ἐλαιῶν ς. a preserve of olives, Gp. 9.28.2.

b. in concrete sense, junction, ὀστῶν Arist. PA 658b19; συνθέσεις(λέγω τὰς γωνίας) Id. Pr. 910b14.

2. in various technical senses:

a. in Grammar, composition, γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις, i.e. syllables and words, A. Pr. 460, cf. Arist. Metaph. 1092a26; ς. ἔκ τε ῥημάτων γιγνομένη καὶ ὀνομάτων, i.e. sentences, Pl. Sph. 263d, cf. Cra. 431c, Arist. Po. 1458a28, Gal. 15.487; περὶ συνθέσεως ὀνομάτων, title of work by D.H.; also, the juxtaposition of letters in a word, Arist. Rh.Al. 1434b34; of an author's composition, Isoc. 10.11; so ἡ τῶν μέτρων ς. metrical composition, Arist. Po. 1449b35; ἡ τῶν ἐπῶν ς. D.S. 5.74; ἡ τοῦ παίωνος ξ. the way the paeon is made up, Plu. 2.1143d; the constitution of things, Hp. Virg. 1.

b. Math., synthesis of a problem (opp. ἀνάλυσις), Archim. Sph.Cyl. 2.7, explained in Papp. 634; ἡ κατὰ ς. ἀγωγή synthetic procedure, Id. 412.2.

c. Math., ς. λόγου transformation of a ratio known as componendo, Euc. 5 Def. 14; κατὰ ‐σιν, = componendo, Archim. Aequil. 2.9.

d. Math., addition, Ph. 1.11, Plu. 2.1018c, Dioph. 1 Intr.; καθ’ ἁντινοῦν ‐σιν however many times added, i.e. whatever number of times taken (multiplied), Archim. Spir. 1:—also as Pythag. name for 2, Anatol. ap. Theol.Ar. 8.

e. in Logic, union of noun and verb or of two objects of thought in a statement, Arist. Int. 16a12, de An. 430a27; also ὁ παρὰ τὴν ς. [λόγος] the fallacy of composition, opp. διαίρεσις, Id. SE 177a33.

f. in Physics, composition of substances, parts of organisms, from their elementary constituents, Id. PA 646a12, Top. 151a23; opp μίξις (combination), Id. GC 328a6.

g. in Medicine, compounding of essences and drugs, τῶν μύρων Thphr. Od. 14, al., cf. D.S. 4.45, Aglaïas 8.

II. combination of parts so as to form a whole, γενέσεις καὶ ς. Pl. R. 533b; ἡ τῶν στρωμάτων ς. Id. Plt. 280b, cf. Arist. PA 645a35, Metaph. 1014b37; in plants, Thphr. HP 5.5.2.

b. in concrete sense, a social or political combination, Arist. Pol. 1276b7; a military formation, Ael. Tact. 18.5.

III. agreement, treaty, Pi. P. 4.168, Fr. 205; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, IG 5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc., iv B.C.); ἐκ συνθέσεως by arrangement, D.S. 13.112, etc.; συνθέσεις περὶ γάμων Plu. Sull. 35.

2. ς. λόγων making up accounts, Stud.Pal. 4.70.391 (i A.D.); so ς. alone, εἰς σύνθεσιν τῷ βασιλεῖ PTeb. 714.6 (ii B.C.).

IV. set, service (most freq. in Lat. synthesis):

1. collection of clothes, wardrobe, Dig. 34.2.38.1; also, dress, gown, costume, suit, ς. τελείας λευκὰς δεκατρεῖς, γυναικείας ς. PHamb. 10.13,21 (ii A.D.), cf. POxy. 1153.23 (i A.D.), 496.4 (ii A.D.), PSI 10.1117.11,13 (ii A.D.), Mart. 2.46.4, 5.79.2; synthesinam indutus, Suet. Ner. 51.

2. service of plate, ς. πινακίων BGU 781 i 5 (i A.D.), cf. Mart. 4.46.15, Stat.Silv. 4.9.44.